Harvesting Information to Sustain our Forests

1. Harvesting Information to Sustain our Forests David Maier Many thanks to Lois Delcambre, Tim Tolle and the rest of the team for slides April 19, 2002

2. Project Factoids • Duration: 3 years • Funding: NSF (Digital Government, SGER, REU), US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service • Participants: • Adaptive Management Areas (Tim Tolle) • Oregon Graduate Institute (Lois Delcambre, David Maier, Patty Toccalino, Fred Phillips, Niki Steckler, Marianne Koch) • Portland State University (Len Shapiro) • UNLV (Craig Palmer) • Natural Resource Information Specialist (Eric Landis) • Federal Agencies: Forest Service (Northwest Region), PNW Research Station, Bureau of Land Management, National Science Foundation, Fish and Wildlife Service • Location: Western Washington, Oregon and California

3. Adaptive Management Areas

4. Plan & Set Directions Evaluate Continuous (Lessons Act Management Learned) Monitor: Gather Information Adaptive Management of Forest Lands

5. Adaptive Forest Management Portal • Make information developed by and relevant to AMAs available and easily searchable by a range of users • Forest scientists • Resource managers • Are concentrating on documents • Agencies do well with GIS data • Not as great interest in base data as in interpretations and analyses of that data • Series of portals • toy portal • test portal • prototype portal • deployed portal

6. What We Need to Build the Portal Technology pieces Try to use existing systems as much as possible • Net-accessible document storage • Hope that ultimately most document producers will maintain their own repositories • But need a separate document manager short term and for “orphan” documents • Browser-based upload is good

7. Document Identification Half-life of a URL is 63 days What can we pass out to users that is a reliable reference? • Digital Object Identifier (DOI) • Publishers assign, public resolution services • Limitation: Can only give DOIs to own works • Handles • Basis for DOIs • Limitation: Have to run your own resolution service

8. Notional Architecture Document Registration & Upload Document Acceptance Metadata Provisioning Search & Browse Metadata++ Portal Pages Document Proxies External Repository Internal Repository

9. Beyond the Basics • Full-text keyword search • Geographic selection and display (more later) • End-user Collection, Linking, Annotation: Capture added value from efforts of users • All documents (or document fragments) on stream restoration and bull trout • Forward links from analysis to restoration plan • Maybe even “recombinant documents”

10. Development of Additional Technology and Domain Knowledge • User Scenarios • Controlled vocabularies • Metadata model • Support for metadata attachment and metadata-based browsing • Exploiting structure within documents. Other work underway • Inhibitors and promoters of information sharing in organizations • Portal business models • GIS interface

11. Gathering Knowledge Requirements Interviews Workshops Focus groups Target User: Natural resource manager Requirements Interviews User scenarios Target Information: Documents Articulation of domains of interest… Identification of controlled vocabularies Evaluation of controlled vocabularies Identification of cross-references Identification of functional relationships

16. AFIDkeywords.doc mistletoes root diseases rots and decays foliage diseases cankers rusts seedling diseases bark beetles wood borers defoliators seed and cone insects shoot and twig insects sucking insects silvicultural treatments thinning salvage sanitation pruning

17. esa_terms.xls (excerpt) • Conservation recommendations • Constituent elements • Critical habitat • Cumulative effects (ESA) • Cumulative effects (ESA) • Delist • Destruction or adverse modification • of critical habitat • Director • Distinct Population Segment • Downlist • Early consultation • Ecosystem • Effects of the action • Endangered species • Environmental baseline • ESA Act Action Action Area Affect/effect Anticipated/allowable/authorized Applicant Best available scientific & commercial data Biodiversity Biological Assessment Biological opinion Candidate species Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances CITES Conference Conservation Conservation measures Conservation plan

18. climate_terms.xls (excerpt) CLIMATE - TERMS ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE ADVECTION ADIABATIC AIR MASS ALBEDO ANEMOMETER ANNUAL FLOOD ANOMALY ARIDITY ASPECT BAR BAROMETER BIOCLIMATIC BOWEN RATIO BPI PAN BULK DENSITY CLASS A PAN CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATION CONVECTION DAILY MEAN DAY DEGREE DEGREE DAY DEW DEW POINT DROUGHT DRY BULB THERMOMETER EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FETCH

19. Provinces

20. Building Knowledge Management Technology Multiple CVs for a domain, cross-referenced Similarity search Multiple thesauri – with distinct relationships Metadata attachment Search Knowledge Entry Knowledge Browsing …

21. Knowledge Management TechnologyComputer Science Team • Thesaurus++new version of Metadata++ • MetaData eXtract (MDX)semi-automated assistance for finding keywords • Superimposed Schematicsconceptual browsing & searching of individual documents

22. Thesaurus++: Terms & Relationships

23. Thesaurus++: Terms & Relationships synonym relationships

24. Thesaurus++: Terms & Relationships functional relationships similarity search!

25. Thesaurus++ Broader-term-narrower-term • Exploited by the search (on user request) • If you attach a narrow term…attach all broader terms as well • If you search for a term…search for all narrow terms as well

26. Thesaurus++ Broader-term-narrower-term • But different users might want to group terms different ways • Can this work? Yes…we support multiple perspectives

27. Forester Perspective Climatologist Perspective

28. [Atmosphere] – [Air Quality] – [Air pollution] – [smoke] D1 Attachment Relationship using Climatologist Perspective [Vegetation Management] – [Air pollution] – [smoke] D2 Attachment Relationship using Forester Perspective Documents with Attachment Relationships [Atmosphere] – [Air Quality] – [Air pollution] – [smoke] Search Trail specified in climatologist perspective

29. Search: Blue terms wild card, black terms mandatory Shows the attachment path for the document

30. Templates for Metadata Entry Location Climate Hydrology Soil Planning Authorizing Location Keywords

31. New Activity:Exploiting GIS Services Want to take advantage of GIS interfaces and functionality Uses in connection with Metadata++ • Term selection: Using user-selected areas on GIS dataset to produce search terms • Relationship server: Use GIS to produce related location terms, e.g., “spatial synonyms” • Result display: Represent found documents as an additional layer user can view in GIS All rely on knowing a location term/region ID correspondence

32. Geographic Selection Search & Browse Map-based term selection selected region IDs Metadata++ GIS location terms & relationships location term- region ID correspondence GIS Data

33. Relationship Determination Term Navigation GIS-based relationships region IDs Metadata++ GIS related region IDs location terms & relationships location term- region ID correspondence GIS Data

34. Result Display Selected Documents Result Display Map-based display region IDs Metadata++ GIS location terms & relationships location term- region ID correspondence GIS Data

35. Knowledge Management TechnologyComputer Science Team • Thesaurus++new version of Metadata++ • MetaData eXtract (MDX)semi-automated assistance for finding keywords • Superimposed Schematicsconceptual browsing & searching of individual documents

36. MetaData eXtract • Metadata attachment may take some time • MDX helps by suggesting terms from Thesaurus ++ • Results are suggested to the user … interactively The district silviculturalist at the McKenzie Ranger District on the Willamette National Forest is working on an EIS for a timber sale located within the upper McKenzie watershed. During the scoping process, the silviculturalist and rest of the IDT identified two areas in particular where the objectives would be to promote and accelerate the development of late successional characteristics over time. Both areas are located within Douglas-fir forest types; one within a Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape plant association, or potential vegetation type, and one in a riparian reserve that has a plant association of Western hemlock/Oregon oxalis...... Willamette National Forest McKenzie Ranger District Douglas-fir Western hemlock potential vegetation

37. Mackenzie Ranger District Willamette National Forest What is a match? Exact matches are important… The district silviculturalist at the McKenzie Ranger District on the Willamette National Forest is working on an EIS for a timber sale located within the upper McKenzie watershed. During the scoping process, the silviculturalist and rest of the IDT identified two areas in particular where the objectives would be to promote and accelerate the development of late successional characteristics over time. Both areas are located within Douglas-fir forest types; one within a Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape plant association, or potential vegetation type, and one in a riparian reserve that has a plant association of Western hemlock/Oregon oxalis...... But what about partial matches? • Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape • Western Hemlock • Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape-salal • Western hemlock/dwarf Oregon grape/Oregon oxalis

38. Thesaurus++ Terms Standard Metadata Title AMA PORTAL PROJECT PRESCRIPTION SCENARIO Author Tim Tolle : : Attached Metadata Term Path Region 5 Location/USFS Lands Klamath Forest Location/USFS Lands/Region 5 MDX Suggested Terms Context Term Douglas Fir ...within Douglas-fir forest types; one ... McKenzie Ranger District ...silviculturalist at the McKenzie Ranger District on... Woody debris …per acre and amount of downed woody debris left in the stands would…

39. Knowledge Management TechnologyComputer Science Team • Thesaurus++new version of Metadata++ • MetaData eXtract (MDX)semi-automated assistance for finding keywords • Superimposed Schematicsconceptual browsing & searching of individual documents

40. Schematics: Decision Letter

41. Schematics: Review Letter

42. name name name order name The Appeal Decision Schematic num date id 1:1 regard 1:* Appeal 1:1 0:* cover Decision Appeal Decision 1:1 0:* loc desc 1:1 1:1 1:* issuer define result concern 1:1 request 0:* 1:1 1:* Determination resolve Issue 0:* 1:* 1:1 Appellant status desc role desc 1:1 review behalf response 0:1 1:1 0:* Reviewing Officer Deciding Officer Organization title title address respondent For respondent For

43. Part of a Populated Schematic Appeal Decision (AD1) regard (r1) cover (c1) Decision (D1) Appeal (A1) loc concern (n1) define (d1) issuer date Issue (I1)

44. Part of a (different) Populated Schematic Appeal (A1) define (d1) define (d2) define (d3) resolve (r1) resolve (r1) Determination (D1) Determination (D1) resolve (r1) Issue (I2) Determination (D1) Issue (I2) Issue (I2)

45. Querying a Superimposed Schematic “For Appeal Decisions made in the last two years, what Appellant Issues were raised for Decisions concerning the Mount Hood National Forest” Issue[AppealDecision(id="1570-1-0032-10").concern(order=1)]The decision violates the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA). The illegal advisory committee played a central role in influencing the Forest Service Decision. Issue[AppealDecision(id="1570-1-0032-10").concern(order=2)] The decision significantly reduces hunting opportunity and habitat for deer and elk. Issue[AppealDecision(id="1570-1-0035-13").concern(order=1)] The District Ranger's decision is not in accordance with the legal requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act, the National Forest Management Act, and the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act. Issue[AppealDecision(id="1570-1-0038-19").concern(order=1)] Current stand condition is not adequately addressed, impacts on soil quality are not addressed, and that impacts to various species are not considered, including several late successional species, survey and manage species, and management indicator species.