1. Beryllium Facility Characterization – LLNL Experience Steven Lee September XX, 2010

2. Project Outline • Background and Site Information • Sampling Objectives • Sampling Procedure; Use of VSP • Results • Project Conclusions

3. Properties of beryllium • Solid material (typically) • BeO, CuBe, Be metal, etc. • Light weight/strong material • High heat capacity/thermal conductivity

4. Exposure to beryllium - possible health effects • Short term exposures: • Acute Beryllium Disease (rare) • Dermatitis (skin rash) • Long term health effects: • Chronic Beryllium Disease • Lung Cancer (rare) Exposure represents a life-long risk of developing beryllium-sensitization or CBD.

5. Beryllium activities at LLNL • Alloy development • Beryllium machining • Construction & Maintenance • Decontamination & Decommissioning (D&D) • Hydrodynamic testing • Nondestructive testing • Radiography • Target fabrication • Waste processing • X-ray ablation B801: Contained Firing Facility Operational safety is dependent upon integration of task level hazards with facility related information.

6. Sampling Plan: Driver for workplace characterization • Develop a baseline inventory of the locations of beryllium operations and other locations of potential contamination and identify workers exposed or potentially exposed to beryllium at these locations. • Required elements: • Review current and historical records • Interview workers • Document the characteristics and locations of beryllium in the facility • Conduct air, surface, and bulk sampling…

7. Sampling Plans: Data Quality Objectives • DQO Step 1: State the problem. • Ensure areas with removable surface contamination at or exceeding the release criteria is identified. • DQO Step 2: Identify the decision • All individual units below the release criteria • UTL does not exceed the release criteria • DQO Step 3: Inputs needed • DQO Step 4: Define boundaries • Facilities with the historic and current beryllium activities/operations

8. Facility Characterization Timeline

9. Facility Characterization Efforts Phase I: • Initiated in 2001 • 50 facilities identified • No formal plan Phase II: • Initiated in 2005-2008 • 229 facilities identified • Probabilistic sampling Phase III: • Initiated in 2009 • Process and criteria refined and documented • X facilities identified • Sampling plans reviewed against criteria • Supplemental sampling plans developed

10. Facility Characterization Efforts: Phase I Phase I: • Initiated in 2001 • 50 facilities identified • 1,250 samples • 24/1250 detection rate • 9 greater than RC • Focus: • Operational areas based upon list • Criterion – 0.02 ug/100 cm2 Biased sampling as directed by area industrial hygienist; no documented deliverable

11. Facility Characterization Efforts: Phase II Phase II: • Initiated in 2005 • 229 facilities identified • 21,000 samples collected in 150 facilities • <1% detection rate • 200 greater than RC • Focus: • List of facilities • Criterion – 0.01 ug/100 cm2 B854: Dynamic Test Facility Initial application of VSP use limited to identification of random sampling locations

12. Interpretation of results • Issue: LLNS did not adequately identify and characterize the extent of beryllium contamination at LLNL and maintain a baseline inventory process that includes collection of information from all sources required by § 850.20. • Inventory of facilities was not validated and have over or under identified facilities • Sampling plans developed lacked data quality objectives and deliverable not defined/amended • Sampling plan procedure and process not rigorous to achieve compliance with the UTL95,95

13. Sampling Plan Reviews – Incorporation of VSP Goal: Utilize VSP to develop or augment sampling plan strategy to allow for a determination that 95% CL that 95% of the data is less than the release criteria. Inputs: • Criterion level is 0.2 ug/100 cm2; surface contamination level considered ‘safe’ for release to the public • Criterion is whether or not the 95% Upper Confidence Limit (UCL) of the data equals or exceeds the action level

14. Facility Characterization Efforts Phase III: • Initiated in 2009 • DQO identified…process and criteria developed [objectives] • Identify beryllium activities – active or historical • Identify/bound contamination • Process… • Results…distributions of samples/random and judgmental relate to information gathered from areas; contamination localized to areas/operations/events with the potential for ‘particulate generation’

15. 1010 5937B 5937C-D 5963D 5963B 1070 Facility Characterization Efforts: Phase III Phase III: • Initiated in 2009 • X of 750 facilities identified • Interviews • Documentation Reviews • 200 greater than RC • Focus: • Work planning and clear understanding of exposure ‘risk’ B005 – Offsite Warehouse VSP allows for the development, analysis, and documentation of sampling plan results

16. Historical knowledge is being assembled on beryllium use at LLNL

17. Areas of Current or Historical Beryllium Use XX facilities with a wide range of beryllium activities have been identified.

18. Areas of Current or Historical Beryllium Use Spatial relationship of data is intuitive.

19. What have we learned? Things go well when: • Scope, schedule and budget are defined • Communication focuses on objectives, process, and stakeholders • Unbiased, statistically defensible Things go poorly when • Stakeholders and deliverables are not defined • Objectives are redefined and rationalized • Process or mechanism to elevate concerns is not in place Top-level decision makers do not emphatically need to know detail(s) of lower level decisions.

20. VSP Enhancements: • Multiple swipe plan development/designs within a file: • Options/archive • Separate design/report module • Enhancement/additional bldg. module/discussions within advanced training…examples and step-by-step instructions • Methodology to incorporate previous sampling plan designs [MARSIMMS, pen&paper, etc.) into existing program • Coordinate • Sample point identification • Graphic Interface enhancement; standardize legends

21. VSP Enhancements: Graphical Output

22. For more information: For LLNL specific efforts concerning Visual Sampling Plan use, contact: Steven Lee (lee144@llnl.gov) References: LLNL Facility/Area Characterization Plan [UCRL LLNL Beryllium Inventory: Characterization Report [UCRL