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Chapter 4, Section 4. Winning the War. European Allies Help. Volunteered. In the midst of the frozen winter at Valley Forge, Friedrich Von Steuben , offered his services to General Washington . He began training the Continental Army to become an effective fighting force.
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Chapter 4, Section 4 Winning the War
European Allies Help Volunteered • In the midst of the frozen winter at Valley Forge, Friedrich Von Steuben, offered his services to General Washington. • He began training the Continental Army to become an effective fighting force. “to make regular soldiers out of country bumpkins.” • He taught them to: • Stand at attention • Execute field maneuvers • Fire and reload quickly
Lafayette and theFrench • Military leader Marquis de Lafayette, a French aristocrat, also offered his assistance at Valley Forge • He led a command in Virginia in the last years of the war He was only 20 years old! Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roche Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
British Strategy • After Saratoga’s devastating loss, British shifted their focus to the South. • Gen. Charles Cornwallis (British) • Took over Savannah, Georgia. • General Henry Clinton replaced General Howe in NY. • 8,500 soldiers led their greatest victory of the war and captured Charles Town, South Carolina. • He was very successful with the help of slaves who wanted their freedom. • Americans kept attacking British forces marching into North Carolina, cutting communication. • British were hoping to rally sympathetic loyalists to their side. • Reclaim former colonies. • Then slowly fight their way back up North.
British Losses in 1781 • Washington sends Nathanael Greene to harass Cornwallis • Cornwallis and Greene meet up. Americans are outnumbered but force the redcoats to surrender. • Cornwallis lost a ¼ of his troops • Greene asks for help of Lafayette in the South. • After fighting in the Carolinas, Cornwallis moves to Virginia where he had reinforcements. • He moved his men between the James and York rivers and camped at Yorktown, a few miles from Jamestown. Greene
British Surrender at Yorktown • Cornwallis made a fateful mistake of leading his army to Yorktown, Virginia. • American & French join forces and attacked. • The siege lasted about a month • They blocked any exit route the British had by sea. • They surrounded them and bombarded them day and night. • On Oct. 17, 1781 Cornwallis surrendered. • Marking the end of the American Revolution.
American wanted Independence Britain wanted to avoid giving America full independence France wanted American Independence but feared they would become a major power Spain wanted land between the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi River Seeking Peace • In 1782, peace talks begin in Paris (U.S., Great Britain, France, and Spain) • John Adams, Ben Franklin, John Jay • In Sept. of 1783, delegates signed the Treaty of Paris, which confirmed U.S. Independence and set the boundaries of the new nation,United States. • Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River, Canada to Florida • Britain made no attempts to protect the Native Americans that were their allies.
Liberty • Egalitarianism- a belief in the equality of all people. • A new attitude: the idea that ability, effort, or family defined one’s worth. • Applied only to white males. • George Washington freed his slaves. • More free blacks. • Native Americans endured more settling colonists because their land was not protected in the Treaty of Paris, 1783. • How do you build a stable government, a government of the people? • Who should participate in government? • How should the government answer to the people?
