Final Review

1. Final Review

2. Scientists solve problems through a process called the • experimental process. • scientific method. • scientific theory. • model method.

3. Scientists test a hypothesis by • formulating questions. • doing experiments. • designing models. • drawing conclusions.

4. The factor in an experiment that is changed by the experimenter is called • dependent variable • control variable • independent variable • constants

5. The science of what matter is made of and how it changes is called • chemistry. • biology. • physics. • geology.

6. The factor that is forced to change because the independent variable changed is called the • dependent variable • control variable • independent variable • constant

7. When a few crystals of NaCl were added to water , the solution showed a weak conduction of electricity. As additional NaCl was added, the ability of the solution to conduct electricity increased. Which of the following graphs represents the relationship between the amount of NaCl dissolved in water and its conductivity?

8. What is the independent variable in the graph? • What is the dependent variable in the graph? • Which graph shows a positive or direct relationship?

9. Matter is defined as anything that • can be seen and touched. • can be weighed. • has mass and takes up space. • contains kinetic or potential energy.

10. Which of the following is not matter? • Carbon • Book • jello • light

11. A heterogeneous mixture with particles that NEVER settle • Solution • colloid • Suspension • suspension

12. Any material made of two or more substances that can be physically • Element • Compound • Mixture • molecule

13. The scattering of light by colloidal particles • Viscosity • tyndall effect • Conductivity • solubility

14. Which letter in the diagram represents a pure element? • Which letter in the diagram represents a mixture of two elements? • Which letter in the diagram represents a pure compound? • Which letter in the diagram represents a mixture of a compound and an element?

15. The change of a substance from a gas directly to a solid is called • condensation. • deposition. • evaporation. • sublimation.

16. The kinetic theory states that the higher the temperature, the faster the • particles that make up a substance move. • bonds between atoms break down. • molecules of gas rush together. • lighter particles within a substance clump together.

17. Most matter _________ when it is heated. • Contracts • Solidifies • Condenses • expands

18. Which state of matter has a definite volume but indefinite shape • Solid • Gas • Liquid • plasma

19. Which of the following is an example of a physical change? • dissolving sugar in water • baking a cake • growing hair on your head • metal rusting

20. Carbon dioxide bubbles fall to the ground because they are • less dense than the air around them. • less dense than water. • more dense than the air around them. • more dense than water.

21. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? • water freezing • shattering a rock • iron rusting • candle wax melting

22. A liquid changes rapidly into a gas at the liquid's • boiling point. • melting point. • freezing point. • condensation point.

23. For a substance to change from a solid to a liquid, energy must be • released • created • Absorbed • destroyed

24. Which is not a part of the kinetic theory • All matter is made of molecules that are constantly in motion. • For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. • The higher the temperature of a substance, the faster the molecules move. • At the same temperature, heavier particles move slower that lighter particles.

25. During a chemical or physical change, energy may be • created. • greatly increased in strength. • destroyed. • converted into another form.

26. Digesting food is an example of • physical change. • chemical change. • change of state. • chemical property.

27. Which of the following is not an example of a physical property? • freezing point • Reactivity • boiling point • density

28. You burn a log of wood, and only a small pile of ashes is left. What has happened? • A large amount of mass has been lost. • A small amount of mass has been converted into a large amount of heat energy. • The total mass of the wood and oxygen is the same as the total mass of the ash and gases. • The total amount of energy is less than before.

29. Matter in which particles are arranged in a repeating geometric pattern is a • Solid • gas • Liquid • plasma

30. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be • burned. • created or destroyed. • changed in form. • heated or cooled.

31. Condensation refers to the change of state from a • liquid to a gas. • solid to a liquid. • gas to a liquid. • liquid to a solid.

32. A gaslike mixture with no definite shape or volume that is also called ionized gas is • solid • Gas • Liquid • plasma

33. All changes of the state of matter require • water. • energy. • vibration. • sublimation.

34. Ice sinks in alcohol because it is • more dense than alcohol. • colder than alcohol. • less dense than alcohol. • warmer than alcohol.

35. The heated ball not fitting through the metal ring is an example of • law of conservation of matter • law of conservation of energy • thermal expansion • conductivity

36. Which of the following changes of state do atoms or molecules become more ordered? • Boiling • Melting • Condensation • sublimation

37. Which of the following describes what happens as the temperature of a gas in balloon increases? • the speed of the particles decrease • the volume of the gas decreases • the volume of the gas increases • the pressure decreases

38. During diffusion the molecules diffuse • from high to low concentration • diffuse faster in cold temperatures • from low to high concentration • diffuse slower in hot temperatures

39. Which diagram could represent a substance in the liquid state? • How many grams of potassium nitrate (KNO3) will settle out when a saturated solution containing 100 grams of water is cooled from 70°C to 50°C

40. An atom's mass number equals the number of • protons plus the number of electrons. • electrons plus neutrons. • protons plus the number of neutrons. • protons

41. Ionization refers to the process of • losing or gaining neutrons • losing or gaining a nucleus. • losing or gaining protons. • losing or gaining electrons.

42. Carbon has atomic number 6. This means that an carbon atom has • six neutrons in its nucleus. • six protons in its nucleus. • a total of six protons and neutrons. • a total of six neutrons and electrons.

43. Which statement about the atomic nucleus is correct? • The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a negative charge. • The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge. • The nucleus is made of electrons and has a positive charge. • The nucleus is made of electrons and has a negative charge.

44. 1s2 2s2 2p6 - This is called the __________ configuration. • Proton • Electron • Neutron • atomic

45. When an atom loses an electron the atom gains a ________ charge. • Positive • Neutral • negative

46. Atoms that have a different number of neutrons than listed on the periodic table are called • Atoms • Isotopes • Ions • compounds

47. Atoms have no electric charge because they • have an equal number of charged and noncharged particles. • have neutrons in their nuclei. • have an equal number of electrons and protons. • have an equal number of neutrons and protons.

48. An atom that has an electrical charge is a/an __________. • Element • Isotope • Ion • molecule

49. Atoms that have a different number of electrons than listed on the periodic table are called • Atoms • isotopes • ions • compounds

50. According to modern atomic theory, it is nearly impossible to determine an electron's exact • color. • Charge • position. • mass.