1. FINAL REVIEW FIRST SEMESTER 2016

2. Which concept from classical Athens is central to western political thought? • Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are of great importance. • Individual recognition impedes societal progress. • Individuals should fight against nature and society to achieve greatness. • Individuals play an insignificant role in shaping ideas, society, and the state.

3. Who expanded democracy during Athens's “Golden Age”? • Pericles • Cleisthenes • Solon • Alexander

4. Who believed that in an ideal society the government should be controlled by a class of “philosopher kings”? • Plato • Lao-tzu • Muhammad • Thomas Aquinas

5. Who wrote “The Republic”? • Plato • Pericles • Socrates • Aristotle

6. Which feature of modern Western democratic government reflects Aristotle’s views ? • the requirement that government actions must adhere to the law • the power of the courts to review the law • the granting of emergency powers to the chief executive • the direct election of members of the legislature

7. Who extended Greek culture and learning into Egypt and Asia? • Darius • Caesar • Pericles • Alexander

8. The PaxRomana was a (an)… • System of Roman law • Another name for the Roman Empire • The Roman Religion • 200-year period of peace

9. What was not a Roman contribution to Western law? • A written code • The use of evidence • Ethical and moral principals • Civil and national law

10. The individual most responsible for changing Rome from a republic to an empire was … • Julius Caesar • Hannibal • Pericles • Aristotle

11. What is a republic? • Representative government • A government with equality for all • Direct democracy • A comprehensive system of courts

12. Who was the first emperor of Rome? • Octavian • Brutus • Julius Caesar • Cassius

13. Jewish and Christian beliefs differ from the Greco-Roman tradition in matters concerning the importance of individual morality. belief in one God. the role of law. the family unit.

14. In the Greek and Roman traditions, a citizen's most important duty is to • the state • military leaders • Rome's ancestors • Zeus or Jupiter.

15. Who is known as the “Father” of the Hebrews? • Ishmael • Moses • Abraham • Isaiah

16. The holy text of the Jewish faith is the … • The Justinian Code • The Torah • The Twelve Tables • The Koran

17. The Hebrew concept of Man in God’s Image did NOT result in the Western tradition of • Natural law • Human Dignity • Individual Responsibility • Worth of the Individual

18. Traditionally, who led the Israelites out of Egypt? • Abraham • Paul • Moses • Matthew

19. An agreement or promise between God and man is called a … • Diaspora • Covenant • Sabbath • Ethics

20. Who spread the message of Christianity to the Gentiles? • Paul • Augustine • Jesus • Constantine

21. Which English king is associated with medieval legal reforms? • Charles I • Henry II • Charles II • Henry VIII

22. A legal system based on precedents determined by decisions of royal justices is called • Parliament • Habeas Corpus • Common Law • Due Process

23. How did the Magna Carta (1215) contribute to the development of the English government? • It created a two-house parliament • It extended voting rights • It provided for a bill of rights • It limited the power of the monarch

24. Limitation of royal power, the Right of Petition, Free Speech,Power of the Purse, and Representative Government were all features of • The English Bill of Rights • The Model Parliament • The Magna Carta • The Restoration

25. Who wrote The Wealth of Nations? • Thomas Malthus • Voltaire • Jean Jacques Rousseau • Adam Smith

26. John Locke argued that life, liberty, and property are • natural rights that should be protected by government • political rights to be granted as determined by law • economic rights earned in a capitalistic system • social rights guaranteed by the ruling class

27. What document best exemplifies the natural rights philosophy? • The Communist Manifesto • Plato’s Republic • Luther’s Ninety-five Theses • The Declaration of Independence

28. Which document shares many elements with, and was partly inspired by, the Declaration of Independence? • English Bill of Rights • French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen • Magna Carta • Napoleonic Codes 

29. The U.S. Bill of Rights borrowed some of its principle ideas from which document? • U.S. Amendments • Code of Hammurabi • Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen  • English Bill of Rights 

30. Who believed that all governments should provide “Life, Liberty, and Property” • John Locke • Voltaire • Thomas Hobbes • Montesquieu

31. Which philosopher wrote The Spirit of the Law? • Jean Jacques Rousseau • Voltaire • Montesquieu • John Locke

32. Which philosopher believed Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness, rule by General Will, Democracy, and equality? • Jean Jacques Rousseau • Voltaire • Montesquieu • John Locke

33. Which conflict permanently changed the relationship between Britain and its American colonies? • The Boston Massacre • The Hundred Years War • The French Revolution • The French and Indian War

34. The Stamp Act, Boston massacre, and Boston Tea Party were basically a continuing conflict over • Land • Freedom of Speech • Taxation • Representation

35. Many of the concepts of the Declaration of Independence were based on ideas first voiced by • Thomas Jefferson • Benjamin Franklin • Thomas Hobbes • John Locke

36. Saratoga was a critical battle because … • It started the American revolution • It ended the American revolution • It was Washington's greatest victory • It proved to the French that the Americans could defeat the British army

37. Which of the following WAS NOT a weakness of the Articles of Confederation? • It could not negotiate treaties • It lacked an executive • No power to tax • Unequal representation

38. What was added to the constitution to secure its passage? • Checks and balances • A Bill of Rights • An executive branch • The right to tax

39. The U.S. has a federal system of government. This means that … • Only the central government can tax • The states have no rights • All powers not given to the central government are reserved for the states • Its bigger than the Articles of Confederation

40. The Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man emphasized governments must • guarantee economic prosperity • protect the rights of people • support established religious beliefs • operate on a system of checks and balances

41. The American Revolution and the French Revolution were similar because • Both favored representative governments • Both limited voting rights to an economic elite • Both retained certain hereditary rights for aristocrats • Both supported equal rights for women

42. When the branches of government remain independent of each other, it is called • popular sovereignty • separation of powers • federalism • direct democracy

43. Unlike the French Revolution, the American Revolution produced • women’s suffrage • short-term military rule • strategic alliances • a lasting constitution

44. The Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the start of the French Revolution, to • establish a military government • draft a new national constitution • restore the king to power • persuade Napoleon to take power

45. What demonstrated that popular protest would play a role in the French Revolution? • the reign of the Committee of Public Safety • the trial of Louis XIV • the fall of the Bastille • the Civil Constitution of the Clergy

46. Which social class included members of the clergy in France? • The First Estate • The second Estate • The Third Estate • The Fourth Estate

47. Who lead the Reign of Terror? • Jean Paul Marat • Georges Danton • Maximilian Robespierre • Napoleon Bonaparte

48. Napoleon’s empire DID NOT include • Democracy • Educational reforms • A new legal code • The Continental System

49. According to most historians, what was probably Napoleon’s greatest mistake? • The Continental System • 1808 Invasion of Spain • 1812 Invasion of Russia • The Napoleonic Code

50. What was Napoleon’s final battle? • Borodino • Leipzig • Waterloo • Trafalgar