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Ultimate Guide to Plant Pruning for Healthy Growth

Learn the art of pruning, its methods, tools, and benefits, enhancing plant growth and appearance. Discover key tips and timings for various plant types.

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Ultimate Guide to Plant Pruning for Healthy Growth

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Pruning

  2. Terms • pruning - removal of parts of the top or root systems of plants • fruit spur - stubby, fruit bearing twig

  3. Terms • translocation - movement of water and soluble minerals from one part of the plant to another

  4. Terms • inhibit - prohibit or slow action • hormones - chemical compounds produced by plant. Regulate plant functions

  5. Terms • twig - very small branch of a tree • cane - stem of various fruits. Ex: raspberry

  6. Terms • shoot - small outgrowth on a bush

  7. Facts • generally has no specific season • continuous process • serves a purpose for the plant

  8. Facts • enhances ornamental value • generally prune with natural form of the plant, not against it

  9. Purposes • remove diseased, dead, or damaged limbs • restrict or promote growth • develop certain forms of growth

  10. Methods of pruning • root • shoot or stem

  11. Stem pruning • reduces amount of growth • influences vegetative reproductive balance of the plant • reduces plant size, yield, and total amount of growth

  12. Stem pruning • Increases supply of essential elements to the points of growth that remain

  13. Stem pruning • promotes the making of cells and the utilization of carbohydrates • stimulates vegetative phase, retards reproductive phase

  14. Root pruning • affects total amount of growth made • reduces amount of available essential elements - causes dwarfing

  15. Root pruning • influences vegetative reproductive balance of plant • promotes root growth

  16. Root pruning • favors reproduction, retards vegetative phase • used to prepare plants for transplanting

  17. Top Pruning • heading back • thinning out

  18. Heading back • terminal - top portion is removed • stimulates development of more points of growth

  19. Heading back • induces compact, dense, or branched type of growth • removes hormones that inhibit branching

  20. Thinning out • entire twig, cane, or shoot is removed • does not prevent development of lateral buds • induces open type of growth

  21. General rules • use correct tools for the job • prune back to existing bud or to a side branch • never leave a stub!!!!!!!!!!

  22. General rules • cut larger limbs in three steps • draw the illustration on the board silly teacher! :)

  23. General Rules • pruning in summer results in greater dwarfing than pruning in late winter months

  24. General Rules • buy and plant trees and shrubs that have the characteristics and shape that you want

  25. Pruning tools • thumb and forefinger • pinch off shoots • pinch off unwanted buds, long stems, and fruit spurs • snap off faded blooms or seed pods

  26. Edgers • enable user to stand and cut the edges of lawns • also used on ground covers

  27. Grass Shear • used to cut grass around sidewalks, driveways and planting beds

  28. Lopping Shears • use when added leverage is needed • used for reaching into trees • small branches or twigs

  29. Pruning Shears • many types

  30. Hedge Shears • hand operated • electric or gas powered

  31. Pruning Saws • cut quickly • useful in overhead work • straight or curved

  32. Pole Pruners & Saws • used to cut or saw branches high overhead • telescoping - go up to 18 feet

  33. How and When • Deciduous Shade Trees • when - dormant - early spring before leafing out • exception - bleeder trees - Mid June

  34. Bleeder trees • Sugar Maple

  35. What to look for • Central Leader - single leader • multiple leaders - narrow crotch angles in time will break

  36. What to Look for • scaffold branches • crotch angle 45-90 degrees • limbs spirally arranged • prune off lower limbs 8-10 feet high

  37. What to Look for • distance vertically between scaffold branches • lowest branch on SW side • remove suckers - weak wood • remove hangers

  38. What to Look for • remove water sprouts • remove parts growing in toward center of trees

  39. Fruit Tree Pruning • spurs - majority of fruit production is borne on spurs • open tree up to let light into spurs • spurs bear fruit every other year

  40. Evergreens • don’t respond well to pruning • broadleaf - like deciduous flowering shrubs

  41. Evergreens • needle types - pines, spruce, fir, juniper, yews, respond better • spruce or fir - single needle prune back to 1/4 inch above axillary bud

  42. Junipers & Yews • awl shaped needles • prune spring to mid summer • when temperature is above freezing

  43. Pine • candle growth - new growth from tip of branches, milky green color • remove 1/3 to 1/2 of candle growth in the spring

  44. Deciduous shrubs • spring flowering - lilac, honeysuckle • set flower buds during previous year • prune after flowering

  45. Summer flowering • roses, hydrangia • set flower buds same year that they flower in spring • prune before bud set

  46. Deciduous shrubs • avoid August and September pruning for all deciduous material

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