Recent Developments in Networking

1. Recent Developmentsin Networking Networking Resources for Collaborative Research in the Southeast AAAS Research Competitiveness Program Douglas E. Van Houweling DVH@Internet2.edu

2. Overview • History • Today’s Internet • Barriers to Progress • Advanced Internet Projects • Applications • Internet2 -- What Is It? • Network Requirements and Abilene • Global Issues • Trends • Comments & Questions

3. History • ARPAnet origins • NSFnet • Research and development cycle • Privatization in 1995 • Higher ed planning in 1995/1996 • Are our research and education needs being met by today’s internet? • If not, what should we do?

4. History, cont. • October 1996 I2 organizing meeting • 34 institutions in attendance; all 34 signed up • Membership commitment • $25,000/year in membership dues • I2 connectivity and campus upgrades

5. History, cont. • University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development • Established in October 1997 • Parent organization for the Internet2 and Abilene Projects

7. Today’s Internet • Growing at 10 - 15% per month • Challenges to higher education • The “world wide wait” • Human interaction awkward • Virtual meetings and seminars • Shared authoring • Browsing publications • Distributed large scale computing and data base efforts not feasible

8. Today’s Internet • Inadequate for mission-critical applications • Authentication • “Best efforts” not good enough • Intranets and Extranets instead • Match capacity and demand • Provide a more secure environment • Don’t reach the public at large, though!

9. Barriers to Progress • Providers swamped attempting to match capacity to demand • Advanced applications can’t be deployed • No large scale development environment available • Negative-sum competitive environment inhibits investment

10. Advanced InternetProjects • Next Generation Internet (NGI) • Focused on: • Federal mission agency needs • Maintaining US Internet leadership • Internet2 • Focused on: • Higher education needs • Moving the public Internet to the next level

11. Advanced InternetProjects • The whole is greater than the sum of the parts • NGI provides partial financial support for university Internet2 projects • Internet2 and NGI coordinate technology development and deployment • Industry has strong incentive to implement resulting capabilities

12. Application Attributes • Large-scale, multi-site computation and database processing • Real-time access to remote scientific instruments • Interactive research collaboration and instruction • Shared virtual reality • Any combination of the above

13. 3D Brain Mapping: “Watching the Brain in Action” University of Pittsburgh Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center

15. Chesapeake Bay Simulation Source: Old Dominion University and University of Illinois-Chicago

16. Remote Scanning Electron Microscope University of Michigan

17. PhilipsXL30

19. American Sign Language and English Captions Gallaudet University Georgetown University

21. Distributed Image SpreadSheet University of Missouri-Columbia

23. Upper AtmosphericResearch Collaboratory University of Michigan

27. Teleimmersion University of Illinois-Chicago University of Illinois-NCSA Old Dominion University

28. The CAVE Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

29. Immersadesk Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

30. Virtual Temporal Bone Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

31. What it Takes • Engaging the applications developers • Building a network that delivers the end-to-end functionality required by the applications

32. Internet2:What Is It? • The University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID) • The Internet2 Project • The Abilene Project • Future Projects….

33. UCAID Mission • Provide leadership and direction for advanced networking development within the university community.

34. UCAID Organization & Budget • University CEO’s are voting representatives for regular members • Structured as an agile organization capable of responding to rapid change. • 3 Councils with Board seats • Applications • Policy & Operations • Network Research • Member dues provide income base

35. UCAID Board • Chair -- David Ward -- Chancellor, University of Wisconsin/Madison • Henry Bienen -- President, Northwestern University • William Bowen -- President, Mellon Foundation • Molly Corbett Broad -- President, University of North Carolina • Larry Faulkner -- President, University of Texas/Austin • Steven Sample -- President, University of Southern California • Graham Spanier -- President, Penn State University • Gary Augustson -- Chair, Network Planning and Policy Council • Tom DiFanti -- Chair, Applications Strategy Council • Larry Landweber -- Chair, Network Research Liaison Council • Doug Van Houweling -- President and CEO

36. Membership • Number • 126 Regular, 20 Affiliate, 30 Corporate • open application process • ~$1m/year regular member commitment • Classes • Regular, Affiliate, Corporate • Regular members are only voting class of members

37. Internet2 Member Universities127 Members as of May 1998

38. 3Com* Advanced Network & Services* Alcatel Apple Ameritech AT&T* Bay Networks* Bell Atlantic Bellcore Cabletron* Cisco Systems* Deutsche Telekom Digital Equipment Corporation FORE Systems* GTE Internetworking IBM* Lucent Technologies* MCI Communications* Newbridge Networks* Nokia Nortel* Novell Packet Engines Perot Systems Qwest Communications* SBC Technology Resources Siemens Sprint StarBurst Communications* Sun Microsystems Torrent Technologies William Communications Corporate Members/Partners*

39. Internet2 Mission Facilitate and coordinate the development, deployment, operation and technology transfer of advanced, network-based applications and network services to further U.S. leadership in research and higher education and accelerate the availability of new services and applications on the Internet.

40. Internet2 Goals • Enable new generation of applications • Re-create leading edge R&E networkcapability • Transfer capability to the global production Internet

41. Applications Priorities • Focus on content • Educational • Research publications • Mass media -> personalized media • Attack middleware challenge • Seek 100% coverage of interoperable scalable middleware • In collaboration with industry members

42. Applications and Engineering Applications Motivate Enables Engineering

43. End-to-end performance guarantees Across multiple providers Application-based performance Authentication & security New business models Performance related pricing Single-Lane Road ->Multi-lane Superhighway Special-purpose lanes Access control Tolls where appropriate Network Requirements

44. Quality of Service (QoS) Enable advanced applications without brute force Multi-cloud and multi-provider Support for Internet-based broadcast Scalable New middleware: Connect network to application Support application-based charging Authenticate users Support for large delay - bandwidth products Bigger pipes Solutions

45. Internet2 Values in the QoS area • Support applications • Ensure multi-cloud (multi-carrier) QoS • Ensure multi-vendor (open standards) QoS

46. Quality of Service Challenge A B • Does the QoS approach support the applications? • Are there implementations that work? Only one? • If cloud ‘A’ and cloud ‘B’ both implement QoS, does the combined A+B catenation implement QoS?

47. Internet2 Architecture Interconnects: connects all the gigaPoPs to each other GigaPoPs: connect universities to the Interconnects and to other services Universities: upgrade their LANs to more than 500 Mb/s u u gigaPoP Interconnects u u u gigaPoP u gigaPoP gigaPoP u u u u gigaPoP

48. Project Abilene

49. Announced 14 April

50. Abilene and Other Networks • A second Internet2 backbone -- the vBNS is the first. • Intention to establish peering links with other research networks • Working with NSF on connection policies (grant allocation and conditions of use) • Federal networks • International links