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Understanding the Electrolysis of Brine: Processes and Applications

This lesson explores the electrolysis of brine (saltwater), outlining its reactions and products. When sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves, it dissociates into sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions, while water splits into hydrogen (H+) and hydroxyl (OH-) ions. During electrolysis, hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode, and chlorine gas is released at the anode, while sodium hydroxide remains in the solution. The products have significant applications, including fuel production, soap making, and purifying processes. Understanding these reactions enhances our grasp of industrial chemistry.

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Understanding the Electrolysis of Brine: Processes and Applications

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  1. CHEMICALS AND THE EARTH Electrolysis of brine (salty water)

  2. Lesson objectives • To predict what will happen during the electrolysis of brine • To see what happens during the electrolysis of brine • To explain what happens during the electrolysis of brine • To know some of the uses of the products of the electrolysis of brine

  3. Electrolysis of brine • When NaCl dissolves in water, it’s ions become free to move. So the solution can be electrolysed. • In water some of the molecules of water will naturally split apart.

  4. Electrolysis of brine • The NaCl will split into Na+ ions and Cl- ions. • Water splits into H+ ions and OH- (hydroxyl) ions. • So what do we think will happen during electrolysis? • Remember – Na is VERY reactive, it is much more likely to exist as an ion than hydrogen.

  5. Now let’s see what actually happens

  6. Electrolysis of brine • The H+ and Cl- ions are discharged at the electrodes.

  7. Electrolysis of brine • Hydrogen comes off at the cathode ( - ) • 2H+(aq) + 2e- H2(g) • Hydrogen is …… oxidised or reduced?

  8. Electrolysis of brine • Chlorine comes off at the anode ( + ) • 2Cl(aq) - 2e- Cl2(g) • Chlorine is ……oxidised or reduced?

  9. Electrolysis of brine • The Na+ and OH- ions stay in solution. • They join together to form sodium hydroxide. • This is a very important alkali

  10. Uses of the products of the electrolysis of brine

  11. Hydrogen • Used to make margarine (helps to make the oils in the margarine spread on your bread) • Used as a fuel (already important in space rockets, but may be the fuel of cars after the oil age)

  12. Sodium hydroxide • Detergents and soap • Paper

  13. Sodium hydroxide • Purifying bauxite to extract aluminium • Rayon and acetate fibres

  14. Chlorine • Bleach • Killing bacteria in water

  15. Chlorine • Solvents (used in dry cleaning) • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

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