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Evidence for Evolution

15 Feb. 2012. Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt. 2. Definitions. Evolution: change in average phenotype of population through many generations;

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Evidence for Evolution

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    1. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 1 Evidence for Evolution Mader, Exercise 12

    2. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 2 Definitions Evolution: change in average phenotype of population through many generations; descent with modification. Phenotype: appearance of organism(s) as a result of gene expression.

    3. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 3 Evidence for Evolution Homology: presence of the same character in 2+ species, inherited from common ancestor. Same character may have been modified since divergence.

    4. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 4 Ways HOMOLOGY provides evidence for evolution. 1. Comparative Anatomy: 2. Comparative Embryology: 3. Comparative Fossil Anatomy: 4. Comparative Physiology & Biochemistry:

    5. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 5 HOMOLOGY Comparative Anatomy: Homologous characters are in the same position relative to other body parts. Vertebrate skull & vertebrae Limbs and limb bones Soft anatomy Plant stems, leaves, roots, buds Flower parts Compare human to cat, dog, horse, etc.

    6. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 6 HOMOLOGY Comparative Embryology: Homologous characters develop from same embryonic tissues in the same way. see Fig. 12.5

    7. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 7 HOMOLOGY Vertebrate embryos (fig. 12.5) Pharyngeal pouches ? arches & clefts Somites ? vertebrae & muscles Tail bud, Limb buds Eyes, Brain lobes Much more beyond what we can do today!

    8. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 8 HOMOLOGY Comparative Fossil Anatomy: the Fossil Record. Extends comparative anatomy into the past (Figs. 12.1 & 12.2)

    9. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 9 HOMOLOGY Comparative Fossil Anatomy: the Fossil Record. Fossils to know: Ammonites (ammonoids), bivalves, brachiopods, corals, crinoids, ferns, gastropods, shark teeth, trilobites. Know (only): How to recognize, When group appeared, When group went extinct.

    10. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 10 HOMOLOGY Comparative Physiology & Biochemistry: Physiological processes and biochemistry show homology too. Processes of digestion, digestive enzymes. Thyroxin regulation of metabolic rate. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle Production of ATP ATP as energy currency DNA & RNA as genetic code

    11. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 11 HOMOLOGY Comparative Physiology & Biochemistry: Cytochrome c and the protein clock Figure 12.6 Cytochrome c is a protein of ~400 amino acids 20 amino acids make all proteins like letters of alphabet Cyt c is a word of ~400 letters. Rarely misspelled, misspelling preserved in descendants

    12. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 12 HOMOLOGY Cyt c in different species can differ Mutation Frequency (rate) of mutation ? protein clock How fast does the clock tick? (Calibration?) Does the clock keep good time (tick regularly)?

    13. 15 Feb. 2012 Evidence_Evolution-Lab.ppt 13 Review Rat & Frog dissections, shark, lamprey, etc. Metric measurement: length, weight, volume Plant body Kinds of stems & roots Stem cross sections of monocot & dicot Key to Trees of Atlanta Reproduction in Plants Key to Fruit Types Plant life cycles in Angiospermae, Coniferophyta, Pterophyta, Bryophyta Flower parts

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