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Evidence for Evolution

Evidence for Evolution . Evidence for Evolution . Support the evolution theory States/ evidence for a common ancestor with in lines of species . Types of Evidence . 5 evidences for evolution Fossil evidence Molecular evidence Embryology Geographic distribution

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Evidence for Evolution

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  1. Evidence for Evolution

  2. Evidence for Evolution Support the evolution theory States/ evidence for a common ancestor with in lines of species

  3. Types of Evidence • 5 evidences for evolution • Fossil evidence • Molecular evidence • Embryology • Geographic distribution • Anatomical structures

  4. 1. Fossil evidence • Fossil evidence is found in the fossil record • Fossil records change over time • Fossils are found in sedimentary rock. • The age of the rock layers = the estimated age of organism found in that rock layer • Record is not always accurate! • Natural disasters and geographical formations can shift the rock layers. • Ex: Earthquake, erosion over time, river erosion, mountains forming, continental plates colliding..

  5. Fossil evidence practice

  6. 2. Molecular evidence Analyze similarities and differences in DNA sequences and proteins The more similar the sequences = the closer related the organisms are to each other. Scientists look at similarities in the following proteins and genes: • Hoxgenes • Cytochrome C • Amino acids sequences • Specific proteins related • ** The MOST ACCURATE form of evidence*** • Genetic code is universal

  7. HOX genes

  8. Hox genes

  9. 3. Embryology evidence • Embryo: a egg cell that has been fertilized but is not yet a fetus- beginning development • As Embryos all organisms develop similarly. • Why? What tells you how to develop? • Then all organisms share some similarities in what?

  10. 3. Embryology • When first developing all organisms look the same • Have many similar traits • Ex: humans fetuses have gills • Similar genes at work

  11. 3. Embryology Who is that baby game- http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html

  12. Embryology practice In the shark embryo above the arch 1-4 describe cells differentiating to specific gill cells that will create the shark gills. In fact all mammals, fish and birds embryos share the pre-gill cells found in arch 1-4 structures but no mammals and birds develop gills. Evaluate the meaning of the evidence shown above, A) Explain the categories of evidence shown B) Describe what the evidence means for the evolution of human and sharks

  13. 4. Geographic distribution Similar animals living in habitats separated by geographic barriers Share a common ancestor Evolved at different rates and ways

  14. 4. Geographical Evidence • Organisms evolve different because… • Organisms use different adaptation traits to survive in similar environments even though the environments are separated. • Each environment even if similar has different selective (natural selection) pressures.

  15. 5. Anatomical structures 3 types Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial structures

  16. A. Homologous Structures Structures in different species that are the same/similar because of a common ancestry Example: Birds, turtles, alligators, rats, humans, and whales all have “finger bones”

  17. Do both of these animals share the same structures from a common ancestor?

  18. B. Analogous Structure Similar structure or behavior due to living in similar environments with similar selection pressures (Ex: both tropical environments) No relation between organisms *Have different ancestors Example: wings of birds and butterflies

  19. Homologies Vs. Analogies

  20. Vestigial structures any structure reduced in function/size Leftovers or traces of original structure Evidence for common ancestry Examples: Appendix, small leg bones in pythons, pelvic bones in whales, Tonsils

  21. What anatomical evidence is this?

  22. What anatomical evidence is this?

  23. What anatomical evidence is this?

  24. What anatomical evidence is this?

  25. What anatomical evidence is this?

  26. What anatomical evidence is this?

  27. Warm-up • Fossil records provide evidence of evolution by (choose the best answer) • Preserving environments and organisms that inhabited them • Preserving a historical record in a chronological order of how organisms have evolved though out history • Preserving a historical record of random organisms that shares no relation with any other organisms. • Preserving a historical record of the type of rock layers produced by environmental factors.

  28. Warm-up 2. The diagram above represents undisturbed sedimentary layers in the San Antonio region. Representative fossils of different organism are illustrated in each layer. Which statement best describes a relationship between these representative organisms?  Organism A was probably more structurally advanced than organism B and organism C.  Organism C probably gave rise to organism A and organism B.  All of these organisms probably evolved at the same time.  Organism A was probably more primitive than organism B and organism C.

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