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Roman History

This recap covers the rich history of Rome, starting from its legendary foundation in 753 BCE by Romulus and Remus, through its monarchy (753-509 BCE), to the establishment of the Republic. The narrative illustrates how Rome evolved into a powerful state, especially after the Punic Wars, but faced significant challenges leading to civil strife and the eventual rise of emperors like Augustus. Key themes include Roman values, the impact of good and bad emperors, the economy, and the military crises that contributed to Rome's decline, culminating in the splitting of the empire and the rise of Christianity.

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Roman History

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  1. Roman History

  2. Recap

  3. Rome was founded in 753 BCERomulus and Remus • Romulus movie • Story of Romulus reinforces some important Roman values: one must always put Rome first, before self, family (even your twin brother).

  4. Monarchy • From 753 BCE until 509 BCE Rome was ruled by kings • Romulus • NumaPompilius • TullusHostilius • AncusMartius • TarquiniusPriscus • ServiusTullius • TarquiniusSuperbus

  5. 509 BC Democracy • TarquiniusSuperbus was so bad, that Brutus and Colatinus drove him out and the Roman Republic was formed.

  6. Roman Republic SPQR • Senate is the advisory board. • Elected officials in charge of running infrastructure, finances and the courts. • Provincial Aristocrats are in charge of governing small towns.

  7. Tales of Roman Bravery Throughout Roman History, tales from this period are told to reinforce Roman virtues.

  8. Republic • Rome starts out as a small city and grows bit by bit until it becomes a powerful force in the third century BCE. • Punic War Movie

  9. Punic Wars • After the three Punic Wars, Rome becomes the master of the Mediterranean and an extremely wealthy state.

  10. Fall of the Republic • Problems begin over the influx of money. Rome expands more.Violence occurs in Rome; civil wars between powerful generals cause strife in Rome during the second and first century BC. Republic ultimately comes to an end with Julius Caesar.

  11. 44 BCE44 BCDeath of Caesar

  12. RomAn Empire • By the first century BCE, Rome is too big to run as it had been in the Republic. Octavian, who is known as Augustus, becomes the first emperor. • Primus Inter Pares

  13. Rome During the Height of the Empire • Rome sees itself as: • Divinely ordained to rule the world. • A stabilizing force throughout the world. • A civilizing force throughout the world. • Eternally and universally in power.

  14. Roman Virtues • Roman historians, poets, ancient P.R. People put out the following theme: • Rome became great because they were • Courageous, serious, hard working, wise, thrifty, obedient to established authority, devoted to the gods, family, home, country

  15. Careful to preserve the values and customs of their ancestors, • Slow to adopt change unless it appeared sound. Conservative

  16. The Emperor Bad Emperors • Emperor represents Rome. • He is the First Citizen • (Princeps). • Symbol of Roman Majesty. • Supreme Authority. • Good Emperors were loved and worshiped as gods. • Bad Emperors were horrible.

  17. Gibbons and The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Good Emperors • Nerva • Trajan • Hadrian • Antoninus Pius • Marcus Aurelius

  18. Late Antiquity

  19. Mid Third Century CE • Military anarchy • (between 235-284, 24 emperors are put into place and killed off by army) • A series of problems occurs at the same time and nearly brings about the end of Rome.

  20. Barbarian invasions • Rome’s frontiers had been stabilized by army. • Because of droughts, food shortages, and population growth in Persia and Pannonia, “Barbarians” attack and try to take over Roman border areas.

  21. Roman army cannot really keep borders safe. • Taxes are raised mightily to pay for border wars.

  22. Economy Fails • Poor and middle class people are especially hurt by taxes. • They have less money and spend less and industry shrinks.

  23. Agriculture Fails • Small farmers cannot compete with large government supported farms. • Food shortages. • Army cannot be fed.

  24. Local Aristocracies • Aristocrats in provincial towns are heavily taxed and can no longer provide buildings and services for local communities. Building, infrastructure, local government and schools dissolve.

  25. Eradication of Aristocracy • Because of the civil wars, aristocratic families are killed off or their money and land is confiscated. Friends of temporary emperors are put in the Senate. Less loyalty to Rome becomes rampant. • Traditional Roman virtues abandoned.

  26. Diocletian • Diocletian “saves” Rome by: • Reforming the role of the military • Establishing a strong, central government • Dividing the Empire into the East and West to thwart military threats 284-305 CE

  27. Constantinethe Great 285 – 337 AD • Makes Constantinople the capital of the Eastern Empire • Establishes Christianity as the official Roman Religion

  28. Themes • Dissolution of Roman Values and Traditions • Christianity • Eastern and Western Empire • Greek Language • Barbarian Threats

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