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The Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase. Control of the Mississippi.

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The Louisiana Purchase

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  1. The Louisiana Purchase

  2. Control of the Mississippi • By 1800, almost one million Americans lived between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Most were farmers. With few roads west of the Appalachians, western farmers relied on the Mississippi to ship their wheat and corn. First, they sent their produce down the river to the city of New Orleans . From there, ocean-going ships carried the produce to the ports along the Atlantic Coast. • Spain, which controlled New Orleans, sometimes threatened to close the port to Americans, so Thomas Pinckney was sent to create a treaty with the Spanish to keep the ports open.

  3. Jefferson wanted to be sure that American farmers would always be able to ship their goods through New Orleans so he sought out to buy New Orleans, and said he could offer up to $10 million.

  4. The United States Buys Louisiana • After losing Haiti to a “slave revolution” the French were willing to give up their plan for an empire in the Americas. The French also needed money to pay for their costly war in Europe. • The United States and France agreed to a fee for $15 million for the Louisiana territory. • The Louisiana Purchase was the most important achievement of Jefferson’s presidency. Jefferson thought this would be enough land for 1,000 generations. • The U.S. paid approximately 3 cents per acre.

  5. Jefferson hailed the news from France, but he was still unsure if the President had the power to purchase Louisiana. He had always insisted that the federal government had only those powers spelled out in the Constitution, and the document said nothing about the President having the power to buy land. • In the end, Jefferson decided that he did have the authority to buy Louisiana. The Constitution, he reasoned, allowed the President to make treaties. At his request, the Senate approved the treaty, and the Louisiana Purchase went into effect. In 1803, the Unites States took control of the vast lands west of the Mississippi. With one stroke, the size of the nation had doubled.

  6. Few Americans knew anything about the Louisiana territory. In 1803, Congress provided money for a team of explorers to study the new lands. Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis, his private secretary, to head the expedition. Lewis asked William Clark to go with him.

  7. Jefferson asked Lewis and Clark to map a route to the Pacific Ocean. He also told them to study the geography of the territory. • Jefferson also instructed Lewis and Clark to learn about the Indian nations who lived in the Louisiana Purchase. These Native Americans carried on a busy trade with the English, French and Spanish merchants. Jefferson hoped that the Indians might trade with the American merchants instead.

  8. Immediate Effects of the Louisiana Purchase • Created a growing “air of expansion” within the United States. • Increased Indian hostility in the borderlands along the Appalachian Mountains. • Created a larger source supply for fur and valuable minerals/materials. • Gave Americans access to more ports increasing our ability to import and export goods.

  9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eqGmM6ze2s • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mvt2TIZo-Bk

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