Teaching Courseware: New Business English Intensive Reading Book One A

1. Teaching Courseware: New Business EnglishIntensive ReadingBook One A

2. New Business EnglishIntensive ReadingBook OneA 新编商务英语精读 第一册 全国商务英语研究会推荐教材 Hubei Three Gorges Vocational and Technical College

3. 1 Essentials of Business 4 Jobs and Occupations 2 Marketing 3 Career 5 Eating Habits

4. New Business English Intensive Reading Book One A Unit One Essentials of Business Unit Two Marketing Unit Three Career Unit Four Jobs and Occupations Unit Five Eating Habits Picture--Word Associating Game Unit One Unit Two Unit Three Unit Four Unit Five

5. Warm--up Text Translation Notes New Words Examples Exercises Extended Activities

6. 1. Business is the human activity related涉及 to material things. It is necessary for civilization. It is found in all societies, even the simplest ones. Business may include the production of goods: Making airplanes, building buildings, and constructing构成 paper boxes are examples of production. It can also provide the financing 理财融资 for these activities. Lending money, trading stocks股份and bonds有息债券, and selling insurance保险policies relate to the securing获得 of capital资本for business activities. Other forms of business include merchandising买卖 , which is the selling of products, and providing various services, such as accounting会计, distributing分发 , and repairs. Business, then, is the activity of producing and distributing goods and services.

7. 2. In our study of business, it is necessary to understand the four basic factors因素 of production. These four factors are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship企业家素质. What is meant by these four terms? 3. In order to produce things, it is necessary to use land. Here, the term land is used in the most general way. It refers提及 not only to a piece of real estate房地产 where we might build a factory, but it also means all the raw materials used for production. Some of these raw materials are found on the earth’s surface, such as trees, which yield出产 wood for lumber成材. Other raw materials are found under the earth’s surface in mines and oil wells, and still other raw materials may be extracted取出 from the air. All the raw materials for production come from the land, the air, and the oceans.

8. 4. Labor refers to the use of mental or physical work to produce goods. Most labor changes raw materials into finished products and then distributes these to buyers. In industrialized countries, labor is generally more mental than physical. For example, in both manufacturing大量制造 and agriculture, machines accomplish完成 the very tiring physical work that unskilled laborers used to do. 5. In other countries, computers programmed robots and other forms of data processing处理 equipment perform many of the jobs which used to require a lot of mental labor. Therefore, to a certain extent the next factor, capital, can be used to replace labor or reduce the amount of physical and mental labor that humans have to use in order to conduct经营 business.

9. 6. In everyday language, capital means several things. The most general meaning is wealth or money. But it also refers to the equipment that money purchases 购买某物 . As one of the basic factors of production, capital is all of the things that workers use in production and distribution. It includes their tools, machines, and buildings such as factories and warehouses货舱where goods are produced and stored. Capital, therefore, refers to anything that helps to produce and distribute goods. 7. Putting together land, labor, and capital to make something of value, is called entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur is the person responsible for controlling and directing the other three factors. The entrepreneur does not make things with his own hands unless he is also a worker. In a business the workers take orders from the entrepreneur. He is the leader, and the employees follow his direction.

10. 8. Entrepreneurship includes some other important activities. The entrepreneur is responsible for initiating开始 business activity. He must begin his business by bringing together the land, labor, and capital. Next, he must manage the business by deciding the general polices for business operation. In order to be successful, an entrepreneur must also be innovative 革新的. He must look for new products or new ways of making things, and new methods of distribution, or he must offer new services. He must be able to decide on the value of things that other people invent, whether it is a new toy, a new method of filing, or a new way of advertising. Finally, he bears all the risks of the business. 9. Everyone connected with a business shares in the risks of the business. When a company goes bankrupt破产的 , that is, becomes unable to pay its debts, it causes problems for many

11. people. It is hard for the employees who may have to seek work elsewhere; the customers must look for another place to buy the products; creditors 债权人 usually lose some of the money to the company. But the entrepreneur takes the biggest risk if the business succeeds or fails. He must pay them up to the limit 限度 of his ability to pay. If he is skillful—and lucky—the money he receives from his business venture （有风险的）工作项目will pay for the land, labor, and capital, and there will still be some extra money remaining for him. This extra money is the profit利润. If the money he receives from the business venture is not enough to pay all of the costs, the difference is the loss.

12. 译 文: 商 务 的 性 质 1 商务是与物质相关的人类活动。商务对人类文明是必要的。它存在于所有社会形态中，即使是最简单的社会。商务会包括商品生产，例如制造飞机、修建房屋和生产纸盒。它也包括为生产活动提供金融财政服务。如贷款、股票和债券交易、销售有关获取商务资本的保险单。其他形式的商务包括买卖交易，这是销售产品和提供各种服务，例如会计、分销和维修。所以，商务是生产和销售商品以及服务的活动。 2我们研究商务时，有必要了解生产的四个基本要素。这四个因素是土地、劳动力、资本和企业家素质。这四个术语是什么意思呢？ 3 要想生产东西，使用土地是必须的。这里，土地这个术语被广义使用。它不仅指我们可能建工厂的一块房地产，而且还指所有

13. 用于生产的原材料。我们发现一些原材料在地球表面，如用来生产木材的树木。发现其他原材料在地表下面，在矿山和油井里，还有其他原料，可以从空气中提取。所有用于生产的原材料都来自于土地、空气和海洋。 4 劳动力是指使用脑力和体力来生产商品。大部分劳动力用在把原材料变为成品和分销这些产品到买家的过程。在工业化国家中，一般是脑力劳动多于体力劳动。例如，在制造业和农业上，机器完成那些非常累人的体力工作，而过去常由没什么技能的人去做。 5 在另外一些国家，电脑给机器人编程序，还有其他形式的数据处理设备做许多过去耗费大量脑力劳动的工作。因此，在一定程度上，下一个因素，资本，可以用来取代劳动力或减少人们用于商务活动的体力和脑力劳动的数量。

14. 6 在日常用语中，资本有几种意思。最普通的意思是财富或金钱。但它也指钱购买的设备。作为生产的基本要素之一，资本指工人用于生产和分销商品的一切东西。它包括工具、机器、建筑物，例如生产、储存商品的工厂和仓库。因此，资本指帮助生产和销售商品的一切东西。 7把土地、劳力、资本整合成有价值的东西，就是所谓的企业家素质。企业家是指负责控制和指导其他三个因素的人。企业家不用自己干活，除非他也是一名工人。在商业中，工人执行企业家的命令。他是领导人，员工听他指挥。 8 企业家素质包括其他一些重要活动。企业家负责启动商业活动。他必须通过整合土地、劳力和资本来开始他的业务。下一步，他必须通过为商业运作做大的决策来管理企业。为了成功，企业家还必须创新。他必须寻求新产品或新的生产方法，新的

15. 分销方式或提供新的服务。他必须能够判断人们发明创造的价值，不论它是一个新玩具，一个新的归档方法，或一种新的广告方式。最后，他承担业务的所有风险。 9 每个与业务相关的人都分担业务的风险。当公司破产时，也就是说，公司没有能力偿付其债务时，许多人会有麻烦。员工会很困难地到别处找工作；顾客必须寻找其他地方购买产品；债权人通常会失去投资该公司的一些钱。但是，无论成功或失败，企业家承担的风险最大。他必须竭尽所能支付。如果他精明能干、运气好，那么，他从公司经营中获得的钱在支付土地、劳力和资本之后，还有一些多余的钱。这笔额外款项就是利润。如果他从公司经营中获得的钱，不足够以支付所有的成本费用，那么，这个差额就是亏损。 译者：周荆洪

16. I. Work with your group and think out as many words, phrases or expressions as possible about business. People or Organizations Engaged in Business: Company, firm, enterprise, joint-venture, corporation, individual company, collective factory, private company, conglomerate 集团企业，manager, merchant, salesman, businessman; Places to Conduct Business Activities: Market, department store, supermarket, stock exchange, hotel, restaurant, bank; Other Terms Frequently Used in Business Operation: Sell, buy, goods, order, profit, interest, invoice, check, bill, consumer, customer.

17. II. Pairwork: 1) Are you interested in business? Why or not? 2) What activities do you think can be labeled as business activities? 3) Have you ever been involved in any business activities before? 4) What do you think is important for success in today’s business world? Good management, adequate planning, sufficient financial resources, healthy cash flow, controlled spending and the ability to collect money owing, effective marketing, a good product and service.

18. Provide the financing for: conduct the business of providing money for. • 2. Insurance policies: documents which show the condition of an insurance contract (保险单). • 3. The securing of capital: Here it means “getting money for some business”. • 4. To a certain extent: to a certain degree. • 5. Up to: as far as; to and including. • e.g. Please count from 1 up to 10. • Everyone works, from the boy who sweeps the floor up to the President.

19. 1．relate v. 联系；涉及 2．construct v. 构成 3．finance v. 理财；融资 4．stock n. 股份 5．bond n. 有息债券 6．insurance n. 保险 7．secure v. 获得 8．capital n. 资本 9．merchandise v. 买卖 10．accounting n. 会计学

20. 11．distribute v. 分发 12．factor n. 因素 13．entrepreneur n. 企业家 14．refer v. 提及 15．estate n. 作某种用途的地区 real estate 房地产 16．yield v. 出产 17．extract v. 取出 18．manufacture v. 大量制造 19．accomplish v. 完成 20．data n. 数据

21. 21．process v. （用计算机）处理 22．conduct v. 经营 23．purchase v. 购买某物 24．warehouse n. 货舱 25．initiate v. 开始；实施 26．innovative a. 革新的 27．share n. 股份 28．bankrupt a. 破产的 29．creditor n. 债权人 30．limit n. 限度 31．venture n. （尤指有风险的）工作项目 32．profit n. 利润

22. 1．relate…to / with …联系起来 2．refer to 提到；涉及 3．be extracted from 从…中提取 4．be responsible for 对…负责；负责（某事） 5．make…of value 使某物更有价值 6．look for 寻找 7．decide on 决定 8．distribute…to / among… 在…中分发；分配 9．pay for 为…而付钱

23. Unit One What words can you associate with the pictures? relate v. construct v. accomplish v. bond n. stock n. distribute v.

24. finance v. extract v. accounting n. insurance n. capital n. factor n.

25. venture n. limit n. estate n. process v. share n. bankrupt a.

26. data n. initiate v. purchase v. creditor n. secure v. conduct v.

27. refer v. warehouse n. venture n. innovative a. entrepreneur n. yield v. manufacture v. profit n.

28. 1．relate v. 联系；涉及 2．construct v. 构成 3．finance v. 理财；融资 4．stock n. 股份 5．bond n. 有息债券 6．insurance n. 保险 7．secure v. 获得 8．capital n. 资本 9．merchandise v. 买卖 10．accounting n. 会计学

29. 11．distribute v. 分发 12．factor n. 因素 13．entrepreneur n. 企业家 14．refer v. 提及 15．estate n. 作某种用途的地区 real estate 房地产 16．yield v. 出产 17．extract v. 取出 18．manufacture v. 大量制造 19．accomplish v. 完成 20．data n. 数据

30. 21．process v. （用计算机）处理 22．conduct v. 经营 23．purchase v. 购买某物 24．warehouse n. 货舱 25．initiate v. 开始；实施 26．innovative a. 革新的 27．share n. 股份 28．bankrupt a. 破产的 29．creditor n. 债权人 30．limit n. 限度 31．venture n. （尤指有风险的）工作项目 32．profit n. 利润

31. 1．relate…to/with …联系起来 2．refer to 提到；涉及 3．be extracted from 从…中提取 4．be responsible for 对…负责；负责（某事） 5．make…of value 使某物更有价值 6．look for 寻找 7．decide on 决定 8．distribute…to / among… 在…中分发；分配 9．pay for 为…而付钱

32. 1.relate v. 与……有关 e.g. The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment. 2. v + ing as subject: The –ing form of the verb can be used as the subject of sentence. e.g. Seeing is believing. Taking good photos requires patience as well as keen eyes. Watching television at spare time is a good entertainment. 3. 辨析 capital &money: Capital is the money or property that you use to start a business or to make more money. Money is what you earn by working and you use in order to buy things. e.g. The recycling industry is making huge capital investments in equipment.

33. Do you have enough money to pay for the sandwiches? capital intensive industries 资本密集产业 venture / risk capital 风险资本 money bags 有钱人 money makes a mare go 有钱能使鬼推磨 money worshiper 金钱至上主意者 4. entrepreneurship n. 企业家素质 它指的是一种发展的、革新的经营观念，以及将这种观念贯彻在市场的能力。 Successful entrepreneurs have an unshakable belief in themselves and in their ideas. They have drives干劲, and can always bounce back after frustrations挫折. That is, no matter what goes wrong, they can get up and try again.

34. 5. refer to : 提到，涉及；指（的是） e.g. We agreed never to refer to the matter again. Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to. 6. “Where…” relative clause: “Where” can be used to introduce a relative clause. e.g. This is the hotel where we spent our honeymoon. This is the place where I hid the key. The other adverbs that can introduce relative clause are “when” and “why”. e.g. She remembered the day when Paula had first walked into her office. I don’t know the reason why he was late.

35. 7.extract vt. 拉出；提取 e.g. He extracted an envelope from his inside pocket. Oils are extracted from the plants. 8. distribute vt. 分发；分配；散布 Synonym: give out e.g. Clothes and blankets have been distributed among the refugees(难民). 9. accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现 e.g. I don’t think our visit really accomplished anything.

36. 10. of value: 值钱的，有价值的 e.g. The thieves took nothing of value. I hope this book will be of value to both teachers and students. 11. be responsible for: 为……负责；是造成……的原因 e.g. Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area. We are determined to bring the people responsible to justice正义\审判. 12. not…unless…: 除非……，就不会…… e.g. Do not leave the building unless you are instructed to do so. Don’t call me at the office unless it’s absolutely necessary.

37. 13. initiate vt. 开始；发动 e.g. initiate a reform 开始改革 They have decided to initiate legal proceedings进程\行为 against the newspaper.对报纸提起诉讼 14. innovative a. 创新的；有新意的 e.g. It’s an innovative approach to language teaching. 15. look for: 寻找 synonym: search for e.g. Could you help me look for my contact lens? If you are looking for a bargain, try the local market.

38. 16. decide on / upon something: 对……作出决定 e.g. Have you decided on a date for the wedding? 17. “whether…” confessional cause: “Whether” can be used to introduce a confessional clause (让步从句) e.g. I will go, whether you come with me or stay at home. Whether he is right or wrong, he usually wins the argument. 18. bear vt. 负担， 忍受，带给（bear, bore, borne） Synonym: stand e.g. She was afraid she wouldn’t be able to bear the pain. Make the water as hot as you can bear.

39. 19. 辨析pay & pay for: The most frequently used format is “pay (sb.) for (sth.)”. e.g. How soon can you pay me for the work? Did you pay for that car? “pay for” may also mean “receive punishment or suffering for (为……而手惩罚；为……而吃亏/ 倒霉 )”。 e.g. These people must be made to pay for their crimes. He paid dearly for his unfaithfulness不忠 to her. I’ll let him pay for ruining毁坏 my chances. On the other hand, “pay” means giving someone money for something you buy or for a service. e.g. How much would you like to pay? You’d get a discount折扣 for paying cash. I paid him＄5 to cut the grass.

40. After “pay” you can use the following words as object: bill, cash, cost, credit存款\贷款, debt, dollar, expenses开支, fee费\酬金, fine罚金, interest利息, loan借款, money, price, salary薪水, rent租金, sum金额, tax税, wage工资. The other phrases using “pay” are: pay attention to , pay respect to sb., pay sb. a visit, or pay a visit to a place.

41. Exercises I. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions. II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. III. Complete the following statements with the words or expressions you have learned in this text. IV. Give the English or phrases according to the meanings provided. V. Put the following expression from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary. VI. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words with appropriate words or phrases from the text. VII. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.

42. 1. What does “business” mean in the text? The key comes from Paragraph 1: It means the human activity related to material things. It’s necessary for civilization. And it is found in all societies, even the simplest ones. It’s the activity of producing and distributing goods and services. 2. What are the four basic factors of production? The key comes from Paragraph 2: They areland, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

43. 3. What does the term “land” in this text refer? The key comes from Paragraph 3: Here, the term land is used most general way. It refers not only to a piece of real estate where we might build a factory, but it also means all the raw materials used for production. Some materials are on the earth’s surface, and some are under the surface. And some raw materials may be extracted from the air. All the raw materials for production comes from the land, the air, and the oceans. 4. What does the term “labor” refer to in this passage? The key comes from Paragraph 4: It refers to the use of mental or physical work to produce goods. Most labor changes raw materials into finished products and then distributes these to buyers.

44. 5. What is the general meaning of “capital” in everyday language? The key comes from Paragraph 6: It means several things. The most general meaning is wealth or money. 6. What does the term “capital” refer to according to this passage? The key comes from Paragraph 6: But it also refers to the equipment that money purchases. It’s all the things that workers use in production and distribution. It refers anything that helps to produce and distribute goods.

45. 7. What is called entrepreneurship? The key comes from Paragraph 7: Putting together land, labor, and capital to make something of value, is called entrepreneurship. 8. What responsibilities should an entrepreneur take? The key comes from Paragraph 7: The entrepreneur is the person responsible for controlling and directing the other three factors. He is the leader, and the employees follow his direction.

46. 9. What kind of problems will a company cause to people when it goes bankrupt? The key comes from Paragraph 9: It means the company becomes unable to pay its debt, it causes problems for many people. It’s hard for the employees who have to seek work elsewhere; the customers must look for another place to buy the products; creditors usually lose some money to the company. But the entrepreneur takes the biggest risk if the business succeeds or fails. He must pay them up to the limit of his ability to pay.

47. 10. When will the entrepreneur make a profit and when will he suffer a loss? The key comes from Paragraph 9: If he is skillful---and lucky---the money he receives from his business venture will pay for the land, labor, and capital and there will still be extra money remaining for him. This extra money is the profit. If the money he receives from the business venture is not enough to pay all of the costs, the difference is the loss.

48. 1. What may business include ? a. Selling products. b. Delivering products. c. Manufacturing products. d. All of the above. 2. Which of the following is NOT categorized as “Land”? a. Oil. b. Trees. c. Factories and warehouses. d. A piece of real estate.

49. 3. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? a. Capital not only means money or wealth but also refers to the equipment that money purchases. b. The entrepreneur only needs to give orders and never makes things with his own hands. c. In a highly industrialized country, labor is generally more mental than physical d. Customers also share in the risks of business.

50. 4. Which of the following business activities occur first? a. Deciding the general policies for business operations. b. Bearing all risks of the business c. Looking for new products or new ways of making things. d. Bringing together the land, labor, and capital. 5.Who takes the biggest risk when a business goes bankrupt? a. The creditor b. The customer c. The employee d. The entrepreneur Key: d. c. b. d. d