20.2 The Feminist Movement

1. 20.2 The Feminist Movement

2. I. A Renewed Women’s Movement • Revival of feminism in the 1960s • Many women were upset with discrimination in the workforce 1. JFK created the President’s Commission on the Status of Women, which studied problems women faced at work 2. Led to the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963

3. 2004 Median Annual Earnings by Race and Sex

4. I. A Renewed Women’s Movement … • Women who stayed home were also discontent 1. Betty Friedan’s book, The Feminine Mystique, discussed the problem of “feminine fulfillment”

5. I. A Renewed Women’s Movement … • In 1966, Friedan started the National Organization for Women (NOW) to push for equal rights

6. II. Successes & Failures • Feminists fought for the passage of an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution 1.Passed by Congress, but needed 38 states to ratify it 2. Opponents thought it would take away traditional rights & feared that women would be drafted into the military “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”

7. II. Successes & Failures… B. Antifeminist Phyllis Schlaflyorganized the Stop-ERA campaign, claiming that American women already had the most rights & rewards in the home

8. II. Successes & Failures… C. It was never approved by the states •35 states ratified the Equal Rights Amendment (green) •needed 38 votes for it to pass

9. II. Successes & Failures… • Success was achieved in ending gender discrimination in education 1. Title IXof the Educational Amendments Act prohibits federally funded schools from discriminating against females

10. II. Successes & Failures… • Women argued that state laws barring abortion violated one’s right to privacy • Supreme Court legalized abortion with some restrictions in Roe v. Wade(1973) 1. Legalized abortions in the 1st trimester 2. States can regulate & prohibit abortions in the 2nd & 3rd trimesters “It was my pseudonym, Jane Roe, which had been used to create the "right" to abortion out of legal thin air. But Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee never told me that what I was signing would allow women to come up to me 15, 20 years later and say, ‘Thank you for allowing me to have my five or six abortions. Without you, it wouldn't have been possible.’ Sarah never mentioned women using abortions as a form of birth control. We talked about truly desperate and needy women, not women already wearing maternity clothes.” -Norma McCorvey (Jane Roe)

11. II. Successes & Failures… F. The women’s movement led to more women pursuing college degrees & careers outside of the home