Flight Management

Day 09 Flight Management

Understanding Individual Behaviours Learning Outcomes • Identify the focus and goals of organizational behaviours • Explain the role that attitudes play in job performance • Describe different personality theory and perception and factors that influence it • Discuss learning theories

Organizational Behaviour • Each organization has their own ways.

Focus of OB • Individual Behaviour • Attitudes, Personality, Perception, Learning, Motivation • Group Behaviour • Norms, roles, team building, leaderships, conflicts • Organizational Behaviour • Structure, culture, human resource policies and practices.

Goals of OrganisationBehaviour Able To • Explain • Predict • Influence

Employee Behaviours • Productivity • Absenteeism • Turnover • Organization Citizenship behaviour • Job satisfaction • Workplace Misbehaviour

Attitudes and Job Performance Three components of attitudes • Cognition – beliefs, opinion, knowledge • Affect – feeling / emotional part • Behaviour – Intention to behave in a certain ways toward someone or something. Three common attitudes : job satisfaction, involvement and commitment.

Job Satisfaction • How satisfied? • Satisfaction  Productivity • Satisfaction Absenteeism • Satisfaction Turnover • Satisfaction  Customer satisfaction

Job involvement and Organisational Commitment Job Involvement Level of involvement in one’s job. Organisational Commitment Degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organisation.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory It deals any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between behaviour and attitudes. The theory argues that inconsistency is uncomfortable and that individuals will try to reduce the discomfort, thus, the dissonance.

Personality • Each one of us has a different personality passive vs aggressive quiet vs loud introvert vs extrovert One famous way to identify one’s personality is by using MBTI – Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

MBTI By using a set of questions, one’s personality can be determined. There are basically four dimensions that relate to human personality.

Social interaction : • Extrovert – outgoing, dominance, aggressive • Introvert – Shy, withdrawn, concentrated • Preference for gathering data • Sensing – dislike new problems unless there are ways to solve them; • Intuitive – like to solve new problems

Preference of decision making • Feeling - Aware of other people and their feeling, like harmony. • Thinking – unemotional and uninterested in people’s feeling, like to analyse and putting things into a logical order.

Style of making decisions • Perceptive – curious, flexible, adaptable and tolerant. • Judgmental – good planners, decisive, purposeful and exacting.

You could test yourself at http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp Please take this test and email the result to me at istaz@fkm.utm.my

How MBTI could help managers? • It influences the way people interact and solve problems.

The Big Five Model of Personality • Extraversion – the degree to which some one is sociable, talkative and assertion • Agreeableness - The degree to which someone is good-nurtured, cooperative and trusting. • Conscientiousness – The degree to which someone is responsible, dependable, persistent and achievement oriented.

Emotional stability – The degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic, secure OR tense, nervous, depressed and insecure • Openness to experience – The degree to which someone is imaginative, artistically sensitive and intellectual.

Other personality insights • Locus of control – How one perceive in who is controlling their fate / destiny. • Machiavellianism – how to gain and manipulative power. • Self-esteem – A degree of like or dislike oneself. • Self-monitoring – Ability to adjust behaviour to external factors. • Risk taking – Degree of willingness to take chances.

Other traits • Type A personality – someone who is continually and aggressively struggling to achieve more and more in less and less time. • Proactive Personality – someone who is able to identify opportunities, show initiative, take action and persevere until meaning full change occurs.

Emotions Intelligence • The ability to notice and to manage emotions cue and information. It is composed of five dimensions: • Self-awareness – The ability to be aware of what you are feeling • Self-management – The ability to manage our own emotions and impulses • Self-motivation – The ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures • Empathy – The ability to sense how others are feeling • Social skills – The ability to handle the emotions of others.

Perception It is a process which we give meaning to our environment by organising and interpreting sensory impressions. It is how we see things or understand other people. One theory is Attribution Theory.

Learning Any relatively permanent behaviour that occurs as a result of experience. To see it better, there are two theories that deal with learning • Operant Conditioning • Social Learning

Operant Conditioning Argues that behaviour is a function of its consequences. We learn to behave to get something we want or to avoid something we don’t want.

Social Learning Learning through observation and direct experience. Attentional Processes – learn from role models, icons. Retention Process – keep the learned information even after the role models are no longer there Motor reproduction process – After learning, one has to do it. Reinforcement process – improving the learned behaviour, process through rewards, appraisals

Managing Negative Behaviour

Flight Management