Biology

1. Biology Ch. 4 Review

2. The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region are referred to as the region’s • weather. • latitude. • ecosystem. • climate.

3. All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT • latitude. • longitude. • transport of heat. • shape and elevation of landmasses.

4. Temperatures on Earth remain within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the • unequal heating of Earth’s surface. • loss of heat to space. • radiation of sunlight back into the atmosphere. • greenhouse effect.

5. Climate is a global factor that produces • Earth’s unique ocean and atmosphere. • the shape and elevation of landmasses. • a wide range of environmental conditions that shapes communities. • solar energy within the atmosphere.

6. The loss of heat to space is slowed by • radiation entering the atmosphere. • atmospheric gases. • solar energy. • the biosphere.

7. The greenhouse effect is • the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. • a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range. • the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays. • an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere.

8. Earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus, • amount of precipitation received. • angle of heating. • ocean currents. • prevailing winds.

9. Cool air over the poles will • rise. • sink. • absorb heat from the equator. • flow parallel to Earth’s surface.

10. The unequal heating of Earth’s surface • drives wind and ocean currents. • causes winds that transport heat throughout the biosphere. • has important effects on Earth’s climate regions. • all of the above

11. The tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in • global wind patterns. • ocean upwelling. • unequal heat distribution. • regional precipitation.

12. A mountain can affect climate by • absorbing more solar energy at the peak than at the base of the mountain. • causing precipitation to fall mostly on one side of the mountain. • pushing a cool air mass back out over the ocean. • interfering with air currents and affecting Earth’s rotation.

13. Why does Earth have three main climate zones? • Warm air rises at the equator and cold air sinks over the poles causing an unequal distribution of heat over Earth. • There are differences in latitude and, thus, the angle of heating from the sun. • Continents and other landmasses physically interfere with global heat distribution. • The Earth rotates and affects the major ocean currents.

14. Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT • plant life. • soil type. • rainfall. • temperature.

15. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem? • average temperature of the ecosystem • type of soil in the ecosystem • number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem • concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem

16. During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain lion may temporarily leave its usual hunting territory to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is probably due to • its need to find different foods to eat. • the change in an abiotic factor in its environment. • its need to find a new habitat. • the change in a biotic factor in its environment.

17. An organism’s niche is • the range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which it uses those conditions. • all the physical and biological factors in the organism’s environment. • the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive. • a full description of the place an organism lives.

18. Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they • have different habitats within the tree. • eat different foods within the tree. • occupy different niches within the tree. • can find different temperatures within the tree.

19. An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called • competition. • sybiosis. • mutualism. • predation.

20. Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they • reproduce at different times. • eat less. • increase their populations. • occupy different niches.

21. No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time • because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem. • unless the species require different abiotic factors. • because of the competitive exclusion principle. • unless the species require different biotic factors.

22. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is • commensalism. • mutualism. • predation. • parasitism.

23. The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of • mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food and the insect pollinates the flower. • parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower. • commensalism because the insect does not harm the flower and the flower does not benefit from the relationship. • predation because the insect feeds on the flower.

24. A predator can increase the numbers of certain species in its habitat by • killing and eating the competitors of other species. • living symbiotically with other species. • avoiding certain prey species. • crowding out the species it does not eat.

25. The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called • population growth. • ecological succession. • climax community. • climate change.

26. Primary succession can begin after • a forest fire. • a lava flow. • farm land is abandoned. • a severe storm.

27. What is one difference between primary and secondary succession? • Primary succession is slow and secondary succession is rapid. • Secondary succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces. • Primary succession modifies the environment and secondary succession does not. • Secondary succession begins with lichens and primary succession begins with trees.

28. Which factor(s) can influence continual change in an ecosystem? • further disturbances • long-term climate changes • introduction of nonnative species • all of the above

29. Which of the following occurs during the ecological succession of an ecosystem? • An ecosystem reaches a final, unchanging stage. • Changes occur that are caused by organisms outside the ecosystem. • Living organisms modify their environment a little at a time. • Parts of communities split off to form new communities.

30. Which is a factor that could interrupt the progress of succession? • colonization of surfaces by lichens • different animals appearing at each stage • another natural disturbance • long-term fluctuations in climate

31. Climate conditions in a small area that differ significantly from the climate of the surrounding area are called • natural features. • microclimates. • biomes. • ecosystems.

32. An example of a place with a microclimate is • a mountain range capped with ice. • a forested park in a desert city. • an orchid growing in a rain forest. • coniferous trees in a temperate forest.

33. Which of the following can influence the climate in a small area within a biome? • the average temperature and precipitation • the latitude of the biome • natural features such as a lake • the greenhouse effect

34. Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost? • desert • temperate forest • tundra • tropical dry forest

35. Which two biomes have the least amount of precipitation? • tropical rain forest and temperate grassland • tropical savanna and tropical dry forest • tundra and desert • boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland

36. A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its • average precipitation and temperature. • characteristic ecological community. • distance from the equator. • specific geographical location.

37. Which animal would be found in the biome that has cold to moderate winters, warm summers, fertile soils, and is home to a variety of vegetation, such as coniferous trees, broadleaf deciduous trees, flowering shrubs, and ferns? • whitetail deer • polar bear • iguana • moose

38. Aquatic ecosystems are classified by all of the following EXCEPT • depth and flow of the water. • temperature of the water. • organisms that live there. • chemistry of the water.

39. The chemistry of aquatic ecosystems is determined by the • amount of salts, nutrients, and oxygen dissolved in the water. • the number of other organisms present in the water. • amount of rainfall the water receives. • biotic and abiotic factors in the water.

40. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of freshwater wetlands? • Freshwater wetlands include bogs, marshes, and swamps. • Water may be present near the surface of the soil for part of the year. • The water in freshwater wetlands is always brackish. • Wetlands are important breeding grounds for migratory birds.

41. Ponds and lakes are • flowing-water ecosystems. • wetlands. • standing-water ecosystems. • estuaries.

42. Which is NOT an adaptation that organisms have for living in flowing water? • hooks • tentacles • streamlined bodies • suckers

43. Which is one way a wetland ecosystem differs from a standing-water ecosystem? • Water circulates in a standing-water ecosystem but not in a wetland. • Wetlands are nesting areas for birds, but standing-water ecosystems are not. • Water does not always cover a wetland as it does a standing-water ecosystem. • Wetlands are salty, but standing-water ecosystems are fresh.

44. The photic zone • extends to the bottom of the open ocean. • extends to a depth of about 200 meters. • is deep, cold, and permanently dark. • is where chemosynthetic bacteria are the producers.

45. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the open ocean? • The open ocean has very low levels of nutrients. • Organisms in the deep ocean are exposed to frigid temperatures and total darkness. • The open ocean begins at the low-tide mark and extends to the end of the continental shelf. • Most of the photosynthetic activity on Earth occurs in the open ocean within the photic zone.

46. Which organism lives where it is sometimes submerged and routinely exposed to air, heat, battering waves, and strong currents? • sea star • tube worm • dolphin • whale

47. Earth’s natural “insulating blanket” is the biosphere. • True • False

48. The greenhouse effect occurs when carbon dioxide and other gases prevent heat energy from leaving the atmosphere. • True • False

49. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor trap light energy. • True • False

50. The amount, intensity, and duration of sunlight striking Earth vary with latitude. • True • False