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“PECULIAR INSTITUTION”

“PECULIAR INSTITUTION”. Slavery and Abolition Chapter 17. When is evil so enormous, that it must be denounced, even at the risk of participating bloodshed and butchery? . Characteristics of the Antebellum South. Primarily agrarian.

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“PECULIAR INSTITUTION”

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  1. “PECULIAR INSTITUTION” Slavery and Abolition Chapter 17

  2. When is evil so enormous, that it must be denounced, even at the risk of participating bloodshed and butchery?

  3. Characteristics of the Antebellum South • Primarily agrarian. • Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.” • “Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). • Very slow development of industrialization. • Rudimentary financial system. • Inadequate transportation system.

  4. KING COTTON • 1793: Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin • Economic Impact: • Cotton ½ of all exports after 1840 • ½ World’s supply of cotton • 1/5 of British population tied to cotton industry • 75% of all British cotton came from American South

  5. PLANTATION AGRICULTURE • “Land Butchery” • Monopolistic – big got bigger, small got smaller • Financial Instability • Slaves were a heavy investment • One-Crop Economy • Resented North for getting rich at the South’s expense

  6. Southern Population

  7. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy”[planter aristocracy] 6,000,000 The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers] Black Freemen 250,000 Black Slaves3,200,000 Total US Population  23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

  8. SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTH • Who owned slaves? • ¼ of white southerners • Planter “Aristocracy” • 1/3 of Slave owners • Sir Walter Scott – glorified feudal society • Southern Women • Smaller Slave owners • 2/3 of slave owners • Less than 10 slaves • Small formers, similar to small farmers of the north

  9. Slave-Owning Population (1850)

  10. Slave-Owning Families (1850)

  11. SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTH • 3/4 of whites owned no slaves • Lived isolated lives • “white trash”, “hillbillies, “crackers”, “clay eaters” • Shiftless, listless, lazy – Actually sick – malnourished • Biggest defenders of slave system – WHY? • Mountain Whites • Lived far from cotton kingdom • Hated planters and slaves • Civil War “Rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight” • Unionists

  12. SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTH • Free Blacks • South: • 250,000 in 1860 • Mulattoes – emancipated children of white planters • Purchased freedom • New Orleans – many owned property • “Third Race” • North: • 250,000 • States forbade their entrance • Especially hated by the Irish • Race Prejudice

  13. SLAVE LIFE • Singing, Dancing, Banjos • Whippings • Family Life • Auctions • Separation of Families • Uncle Tom’s Cabin • By Harriet Beecher Stowe

  14. What specific information about slaves and slavery can you see in (or infer from) these photographs?

  15. Early Emancipation in the North

  16. Abolitionist Movement 1816 American Colonization Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation. British Colonization Society symbol

  17. Abolitionist Movement • Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica. • No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s. Gradualists Immediatists

  18. Anti-Slavery Alphabet

  19. William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879) • Slavery & Masonryundermined republicanvalues. • Immediate emancipation with NO compensation. • Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue. R2-4

  20. The Liberator Premiere issue  January 1, 1831 R2-5

  21. The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!

  22. Other White Abolitionists Lewis Tappan James Birney • Liberty Party. • Ran for President in 1840 & 1844. Arthur Tappan

  23. Black Abolitionists David Walker(1785-1830) 1829Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.

  24. Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) 1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass 1847 “The North Star” R2-12

  25. Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)or Isabella Baumfree 1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10

  26. Harriet Tubman(1820-1913) • Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. • $40,000 bounty on her head. • Served as a Union spy during the Civil War. “Moses”

  27. Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

  28. The Underground Railroad

  29. The Underground Railroad • “Conductor”==== leader of the escape • “Passengers”==== escaping slaves • “Tracks”==== routes • “Trains”==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves • “Depots”==== safe houses to rest/sleep

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