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Chapter 7, Section 4, Objective 2.4 explores the political events leading to sectionalism in the U.S., particularly focusing on the Texas Question. Key developments include territorial disputes between the U.S. and Mexico, the 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty, and the drive for annexation led by President Tyler. The 1844 election paved the way for annexation, with Polk's campaign promising to extend U.S. territory. Tensions escalated with the 1846 declaration of war on Mexico, resulting in significant territorial gains under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.
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The Mexican War Chapter 7 Section 4 Objective 2.4 – Assess political events that contributed to sectionalism
The Texas Question • Since 1803, the US and Mexico had territorial disputes (US claimed Texas was part of Louisiana Purchase). • 1819— (Adams-Onis Treaty)US renounced that claim on Texas to get Florida. • Manifest destiny & gaining Mexican territory gained popularity. • Early 1840’s--President John Tyler hoped to annex Texas, but Antislavery leaders in Congress opposed it. • Texas was finally annexed into the US Feb. 1846.
The Election of 1844 • The Whig Party nominated Senator Henry Clay. • Democrats nominated James K. Polk over front runner Martin Van Buren. The Campaign • Polk promised to annex Texas, gain Oregon, and buy California from Mexico. • His Platform appealed to northerners & southerners (expanded country while keeping section balance). • Clay had flip flopped on the Texas annexation issue= southerner Whigs voted for a third party. • POLK WON THE ELECTION!!
Claims to Oregon • During Polk’s election campaign the motto was “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”. • The US would demand all of Oregon to the 54-40 north latitude. • The 1846 Oregon Treaty —the US received all of Oregon to 49 north latitude.
Mexican Anger Over Texas Annexation When the US annexed Texas: • Mexico was outraged • Withdrew diplomatic relations with US • Disputes worsened when arguments about the border between Texas & Mexico broke out. • November 1845—President Polk sent American John Slidell to negotiate with Mexico to purchase California. • Mexico refused to meet with Slidell.
Mexican War • 1846- Polk sent Gen. Zachary Taylor to provoke a fight- US troops crossed the Nueces's River • May 1846- news arrived that Mexican forces had attacked US troops. • Congress declared war on Mexico • Whigs opposed – another plot to extend slavery
War Strategy • Taylor to go past Rio Grande into Mexico • Easily defeated Santa Anna at Palo Alto then Resaca de la Palma • Separate force to capture Santa Fe • an important trading post • Colonel Stephen Kearny • Navy to help take California • General John C. Fremont • Uprising of settlers – declared California to be independent • Renamed Bear Flag Republic • Forces then to advance to Mexico City & force a surrender
Who is the general in charge for the US? • John Slidell • Zachary Taylor • John Sutton • William Travis
To Mexico City • Troops sent to Veracruz to march west to Mexico City • Polk replaces Taylor for fear Taylor’s popularity would defeat him in the Election of 1848 • General Winfield Scott -placed in charge • Scott captures Mexico City – September 14, 1847
**Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • February 2, 1848 • Mexico ceded Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona & parts of Wyoming & Colorado • 500,000 square miles • Accepted Rio Grande as border • US paid Mexico $15 million & took over Mexican debts ($3.25 million) owed to American citizens • Promised US citizenship to Mexicans living in these territories
Who first purported the idea of Manifest Destiny? • John Slidell • John Sutton • John Louis O’Sullivan • Joseph Smith
