Moving West! Texas, The Oregon Trail, Mormons and Manifest Destiny

1. Moving West! Texas, The Oregon Trail, Mormons and Manifest Destiny

2. But First: Review Questions! • Name the 3 regions that made up the original 13 states: • Which region had a warmer climate, great soil and large farms and plantations? • Which region had hard rocky soil, it’s economy depended on fishing and whaling? • Which region had good soil conditions, grew crops such as oats and barley on large farms. It’s economy depended on industries which used the large amounts of iron ore found in the region.

3. U.S. Timeline • In 1801, when Jefferson became president, there were 16 states in the Union. The original 13 plus Vermont (1791), Kentucky (1792), and Tennessee (1796). • In 1800, John Adams moves into the Executive Mansion (White House) in Washington D.C. • March 1801, Jefferson would move in as the 3rd President. • 1802, World population reaches 1 billion people • March 1803, Ohio becomes the 17th state. • April 1803, Jefferson purchases the Louisiana Territory from France. • February 1804, New Jersey becomes the last northern state to abolish slavery. • May 1804, Lewis and Clark Expedition begins. • September 1806, Lewis and Clark Expedition ends. • January 1808, the importation of slaves was outlawed. From 1808-1860 more than 250,000 slaves were illegally imported to the U.S. • March 1809, James Madison becomes the 4th president of the U.S.

4. The Great Planes • The Great Planes is the area of land stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. • This is the land that Jefferson had purchased, Lewis and Clark had mapped and was now open to American settlers. • Living among the Great Planes were Native American tribes including, the Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Sioux, Apache, Cree and several others. • Because the land was not very suitable for farming, Great Planes were not seen as a place to settle, rather just part of the route that could take people to places like Oregon and California.

5. The Northwest • Americans were attracted to the fertile land beyond the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. • Now the states of Washington and Oregon, the U.S, Britain, Russia and Spain all claimed this land as theirs.

6. The Southwest • Made up of present-day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and parts of Colorado. • This land had been claim ed by Spain in the 1500s. • Mexico wins it’s independence from Spain in 1821.

7. Mexican Settlements • The Spanish colony of Mexico was creating its own unique culture. Spanish were intermarrying with Native Americans. • Spanish missionaries were determined to convert Native Americans to Catholicism-force labor was a big problem. • Spain would not allow settlers to trade or sell good to other people. All goods were brought back to Spain. • This policy of trade “mercantilism” could make it difficult for Spanish settlers to make a living.

8. Mexican War for Independence • The war begins in 1810 and ends in 1821. • The new Mexican government allows overland trade with the U.S. • Land grants were given to rancheros. • Many missions were removed and the land was given away to rancheros and American settlers. • Much of the land given away was originally Native American land. • Native Americans tried to regain their old land—rancheros fought back. • By 1850, the Native American population was greatly reduced.

9. Manifest Destiny • The belief that American’s destiny is to increase in size from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. • In 1845 John L. O’Sullivan created the term “manifest destiny” in an editorial he wrote advocating that the new Republic of Texas be added to the Union. He believed that it is America’s God given right to continue to expand further west into California.