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Spread of the Industrial Revolution

Spread of the Industrial Revolution. Ch. 21, Sect. 1. Other Nations Join the Race to Industrialization. Mid 1800s British mechanics opened factories in other countries Germany, France, and US had more abundant supplies of coal, iron, and other resources than Britain

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Spread of the Industrial Revolution

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  1. Spread of the Industrial Revolution Ch. 21, Sect. 1

  2. Other Nations Join the Race to Industrialization • Mid 1800s • British mechanics opened factories in other countries • Germany, France, and US • had more abundant supplies of coal, iron, and other resources than Britain • Borrowed British experts or technology • By 1900, US was the #1 industrial nation

  3. The Bessemer Process • Henry Bessemer, 1856 • New process for making steel from iron • Lighter, harder, and more durable than iron • Could be produced very cheaply • Became the major material used in tools, bridges, and railroads.

  4. The Bessemer Process • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31814-industrial-revelations-bessemer-converter-video.htm

  5. Innovations in Chemistry • Alfred Nobel: Dynamite • Safer • Used in construction & warfare • Funded Nobel Prize

  6. Electric Power • Electricity replaced steam as the dominate source of industrial power • Michael Faraday • 1st simple electric motor • 1st dynamo: machine that generates electricity) • Thomas Edison • 1st electric light bulb • Quickened pace of city life • Factories could operate after dark

  7. thom_edisonThomas Alva Edison Darn candles! Another dinner date wasted. Will never get lucky unless I can ‘set the mood’ w/o setting bed on fire. 10:01 PM November 11, 1877

  8. New Methods of Production • Interchangeable parts: identical components that could be used in place of one another. • Simplified both the assembly and repair • Assembly line: workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next • Made production faster and cheaper • Lowered the price of goods • Took joy out of the work

  9. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31814-industrial-revelations-bessemer-converter-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31814-industrial-revelations-bessemer-converter-video.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A&feature=related

  10. FordToughHenry Ford @AssemblyLine Dudes, where’s my cars? 10:12 AM December 10, 1908

  11. Advances in Transportation • Steamships • Transcontinental railroad stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific • Nikolaus Otto: 1st gasoline-powered engine • Henry Ford: made the U.S. a leader in the automobile industry

  12. 1886 Karl Benz, 1st Automobile

  13. Gottlieb Daimler’s Automobile

  14. Airplanes! • Made possible by the Otto’s engine • 1903, Orville, & Wilbur Wright • Kitty Hawk, NC • Flying machine only stayed aloft for a few seconds • Ushered in the air age • Commercial passenger travel did not begin until the 1920s.

  15. FlyBoyWilber Wright I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky. I think about it every night and day. 10:04 PM December 16, 1903

  16. Communication • Samuel Morse: Telegraph (1844) -Trans-Atlantic cable between Europe & N. America • Alexander Graham Bell (1876) : Telephone • Guglielmo Marconi: radio (1901)

  17. AlexGBAlexander Graham Bell Sick of chatting with @Watson, but he’s the only other person with a phone. 11:03 AM March 20, 1876

  18. … --Samuel Morse .. / ..-. .- .-. - . -.. LOL 7:40 PM September 10, 1837

  19. Rise of Big Business • New technology required more $! • Owners sold stock to investors to get money • Stock: shares in a company • Stockholders = owner of a tiny part of the company • Corporations: businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock • Able to expand into many areas

  20. Monopolies • Powerful business leaders created monopolies & trusts • Huge corporate structures that controlled entire industries or areas of the economy • John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil Company • Dominated the American petroleum industry

  21. 30Rock John D. Rockefeller Someday, I’ll be as rich as Jay-Z. #hov 6:35 PM January 30, 1868

  22. Move Toward Regulation • With competition gone, they were free to raise prices • Group of corporations would join and form a cartel • Cartel: an association to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets

  23. Move Toward Regulation • “Captains of Industry” vs. “Robber Barons” • Reformers wanted laws to prevent monopolies and regulate large corporations • Political & economic power of business leaders hindered efforts at regulation

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