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Colliding 5nm Beams at the International Linear Collider

Colliding 5nm Beams at the International Linear Collider. William Morse Brookhaven National Lab. Outline of the Talk. International Linear Collider See: “Physics Opportunities with a TeV Linear Collider”, Sally Dawson and Mark Oreglia, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 54:269 (2004),

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Colliding 5nm Beams at the International Linear Collider

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  1. Colliding 5nm Beams at the International Linear Collider William Morse Brookhaven National Lab W. Morse May 15, 2007

  2. Outline of the Talk • International Linear Collider • See: “Physics Opportunities with a TeV Linear Collider”, Sally Dawson and Mark Oreglia, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 54:269 (2004), • “Linear Collider Physics in the New Millennium”, A. Soni et al., World Sci. (2005) • Colliding 5nm e+e- beams W. Morse May 15, 2007

  3. High Energy Colliders W. Morse May 15, 2007

  4. Recent e+e- Colliders W. Morse May 15, 2007

  5. PDG:ZprecisioncomesfromSLC/LEP W. Morse May 15, 2007

  6. Exploring the TeraVolt Scale • Protons are made up of quarks and gluons • Average quark or gluon carries 10% of the proton’s energy • LHC: 1B uninteresting events/s, ie. need a trigger • e+e- converts all the beam energy into the collision energy • ILC: No uninteresting events/s, ie. no trigger! • Polarized electron positron beams • ILC dL/L  310-4 LHC dL/L  0.1 W. Morse May 15, 2007

  7. JoAnne Hewett’s Slide • Common feature of many models is a contact interaction type signature new gauge bosons, large extra dimensions, compositeness, leptoquarks, string excitations, …. - W. Morse May 15, 2007

  8. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  9. International Linear Collider • International from the start! • New paradigm for HEP • Global Design Effort of Asia, Europe, America • 2007 Reference Design Report – done! • 2009 Engineering Design Report • 2010 Tevatron/LHC Higgs physics results, ILC site selection, International funding agreement ? • 2011-2018 Construction?? • 2019 First Run ??? W. Morse May 15, 2007

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  13. Physics - Higgs Mechanism • Proposed by Peter Higgs almost fifty years ago • Spontaneous symmetry breaking to give particles mass • LEP direct search limit: MH>0.115TeV • Precision Electro-Weak Measurements at Tevatron /LEP/SLC: MH < 0.2 TeV from virtual processes • Does nature give mass through Peter Higg’s mechanism? • Only fundamental particle in the standard model with spin zero! • Only particle in the standard model where the coupling constant is proportional to mass. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  14. LHC2ILC Fermilab Apr 12-14 • Reconstruct Higgs mass with collinear approximation H(ll) +2jets (VBF) H(lh) +2jets (VBF) 30 fb-1 W. Morse May 15, 2007

  15. ILC with no trigger W. Morse May 15, 2007

  16. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  17. ILC can vary beam energy W. Morse May 15, 2007

  18. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  19. Hints of SUSY? • BNL measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (2004): • aexp = 0.0011659208 (6) • aSM = 0.0011659179 (6) • SUSY theorists relieved! • asusy tan/M2 • 0.13TeV < Msusy < 0.47TeV • J. Miller, E. De Rafael, B. Roberts, hep-ph 0703049 (2007) Review Article. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  20. D0 Z+Hbb Search W. Morse May 15, 2007

  21. Nominal ILC Parameters W. Morse May 15, 2007

  22. Feedback • SLC found they needed feedback to optimize the luminosity with 1m beams – mainly beam position monitors (BPM). • What detectors do we need to stabilize the beams at the 5nm level to achieve the design luminosity? • 100V kicker. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  23. BNL Magnet Division Position Stability W. Morse May 15, 2007

  24. Achieving the ILC Luminosity Will Be a Challenge • Bunch P- (t) {N, E, x, y, z, x, y, z, xy, x, y} • Bunch P+(t) {N, E, x, y, z, x, y, z, xy, x, y} • Beam motion >> 5nm! • Instantaneous Luminosity: y x W. Morse May 15, 2007

  25. Beam-strahlung Gammas • F = e(E + cB) • E = 0, Bmax  1KT • P  3% Pe  0.4MW • N  1.5Ne  31010 /BX W. Morse May 15, 2007

  26. Beam-strahlung Pairs • Bethe-Heitler: e → e e+e- • BH  38 mb • <E>  1GeV • Landau-Lifshitz: ee → ee e+e- • LL  19 mb • <E>  0.15GeV • Breit-Wheeler:  e+e- • BW  1 mb • 104e+e- /BX Maximum PT = 0.1 GeV/c W. Morse May 15, 2007

  27. Beam-strahlung Pairs W. Morse May 15, 2007

  28. Bethe-Heitler Pairs • e → e e+e- For left and right detectors separately: N+/xy and N-/xy. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  29. Vertical offset E BeamCal (TeV) W. Morse May 15, 2007

  30. Vertical Offset R (10-6) W. Morse May 15, 2007

  31. Bunch Height W. Morse May 15, 2007

  32. Bunch Length W. Morse May 15, 2007

  33. Forward Calorimeters • LumiCal – forward Bhabhas for precision integrated luminosity measurement • BeamCal – beam-strahlung pairs for instantaneous luminosity • GamCal - beam-strahlung gammas for instantaneous luminosity W. Morse May 15, 2007

  34. International FCAL R&D Coll. • W. Lohmann (DESY Zeuthen) spokesman • W. Morse (BNL) beam diagnostics (BeamCal/GamCal) coordinator • B. Pawlik (Cracow) simulations coordinator • W. Lange (DESY) sensors coordinator • TBD electronics coordinator • W. Wierba (Cracow) LumiCal laser alignment coordinator W. Morse May 15, 2007

  35. U.S. Forward (SiD) • W. Morse (BNL): Coordinator • G. Haller, A. Abusleme, M. Breidenbach, D. Freytag (SLAC): BeamCal readout design • Z. Li (BNL): BeamCal radiation damage issues • B. Parker (BNL): machine interface issues • M. Zeller, G. Atoian, V. Issakov, A. Poblaguev (Yale): GamCal design • Y. Nosochkov (SLAC): Extraction line issues • U. Nauenberg (Colorado): SUSY studies W. Morse May 15, 2007

  36. BeamCal • .003 <  < .02 rad • 3.5m from IR • Measure the 104 beam-strahlung e+e- pairs/BX for beam diagnostics • 2-10MGy/year • Beam diagnostics and hermeticity for SUSY searches. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  37. Collaboration FCAL High precision design W. Morse May 15, 2007 DESY-PRC2006

  38. GamCal Detector • 180m from IR • 10-4 X0 to convert beam-strahlung gammas into e+e- pairs • Converter could be gas jet or a thin solid converter • Magnet to separate pairs from beam electrons! • 3 1010 beamstrahlung gammas (2 GeV) • 2 1010 beam electrons (0.2 TeV) • Evaluate the effect of beam electrons going through conveter W. Morse May 15, 2007

  39. Beam-strahlung ZeeZ W. Morse May 15, 2007

  40. GamCal Backgrounds W. Morse May 15, 2007

  41. ZeeZ vs. eZ eZee • Electron carries virtual gammas • Landau Lifshitz conversion of virtual gammas W. Morse May 15, 2007

  42. Ratio of ZeeZ vs. eZ eZee W. Morse May 15, 2007

  43.  Production Compared to ee • p  eep   10 mb • p   N   0.5 mb in Δresonance region • p   N   0.1 mb E > 4GeV • ep  e  N   10-3 mb • Thus ep  e  N is negligible W. Morse May 15, 2007

  44. W. Morse May 15, 2007

  45. Yale IBS Design W. Morse May 15, 2007

  46. Feed-back with Luminosity Detectors W. Morse May 15, 2007

  47. Conclusions • We have designs for beam-strahlung pair and gamma detectors. • Studies, simulations continuing. • Ratio of the beamstrahlung pairs (BeamCal) to gammas (GamCal) is largely proportional to the instantaneous luminosity. • Use feedback to bring 5nm beams into collision at maximum luminosity W. Morse May 15, 2007

  48. Extra Slides W. Morse May 15, 2007

  49. ILC Timeline • Reference Design 2007 • Engineering Design 2009 • Site selection, LHC Physics results, International Funding Agreement 2010 • Construction Starts 2011 • Construction Ends 2018 • First Run 2019 W. Morse May 15, 2007

  50. 1 2 y - + z W. Morse May 15, 2007

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