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Horse Nutrition

Horse Nutrition . Horses should have access to clean, fresh water at all times. A mature horse drinks on average 5-10 gallons a day. This will vary with the activity and temperature of the environment. For example: Summer-more Winter-less.

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Horse Nutrition

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  1. Horse Nutrition

  2. Horses should have access to clean, fresh water at all times. A mature horse drinks on average 5-10 gallons a day. This will vary with the activity and temperature of the environment. For example: Summer-more Winter-less

  3. Important note: Hot, exhausted horses should wait 30 minutes before drinking water after heavy exercise. They are however, allowed to consume hay during this cooling down period.

  4. Nutrient requirements vary for your horse? • Stage of Production • Maintenance • Work • Lactation • Pregnancy • Early growth • Age • Mature Size • Activity Level

  5. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Mouth to anus = 100ft

  6. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Mouth, esophagus, stomach = 3-4 feet • Stomach Capacity = 8-15 quarts

  7. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Small intestine = 70 feet long • Small intestine capacity = 48 quarts

  8. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Large intestine = 20 feet long • Large intestine capacity = 130 quarts

  9. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Mouth breaks down food • Wets feed with saliva--3 gallons per day

  10. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • Stomach has 10% of the digestive system capacity • Therefore horses are constant grazers

  11. Equine Digestive System large colon stomach small intestine cecum descending colon esophagus hindgut foregut rectum • In the small intestine we: break down carbohydrates to glucose, proteins to amino acids, fats to free fatty acids, and add bicarbonate.

  12. DIGESTION • Total process = 65 hours • 15 minutes in the stomach • 1 hour in small intestine • 63 hours in large intestine DIGESTION

  13. Adjusted feeding based on an activity level. Maintenance feed levels can be based per 100 lb of weight (1%). Supplemental feeding over maintenance should be based on the level and duration of work. CTVT p.367

  14. Page 366 CTVT

  15. COMMON FEEDSTUFF % DM Mcal/# % Protein Alfalfa 90 .94 18 Brome 89 .80 11 Orchard 88 .85 11 Straw 91 .70 4 Oats 89 1.3 12 Corn 88 1.5 9

  16. VITAMINS • Vitamin A--from green grass and green hay • Vitamin D--from forage • Vitamin E--from forage • Vitamin K--from forage • SALT should be fed free choice

  17. MINERALS • Calcium--major source from roughage • Phosphorus--major source from grains • We want the calcium to phosphorus ratio at 1.5 • May consider for the area supplementing with Selenium

  18. Salt Blocks contain trace-mineralized salts (microminerals) needed as supplements, when they are not available in the horses diet.

  19. Chopped hay Pulp Flaked corn Pellets Bran Crimped oats/Sugar beets/Micronized flaked barley/Sweet feed

  20. Round bale of hay Avg. wt: tons Square Bale of Hay Avg. weight: 60 lbs

  21. This is called a flake of hay. A flake can weigh from 1.5 – 5 lbs.

  22. Dry Matter Intake • Most maintenance horses (this means pasture raised horses, not working horses) can be fed with hay: 1.5 to 1.8 lbs hay/100lbs (BW/Day) • Work increases the need for water, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium) and energy.

  23. Oats

  24. Corn (cracked or crushed)

  25. Wheat

  26. Sweet Feed

  27. Pelleted Feed

  28. The HaysMake sure you check the quality

  29. Quality • Forage quality varies greatly by soil quality, species of grass, season of the year, rainfall, overgrazing, pasture rotation, weed control and the presence of toxic weeds • Laboratory analysis of forage for moisture, energy, protein, fiber and microminerals and micronutrients is fundamental in assessing roughage nutrient control • Hay analysis is performed at little or not cost by regional agriculture extension services

  30. Coastal Bermuda Hay Bales

  31. Sudan Grass Hay

  32. Johnson Grass Hay

  33. Prairie Hay

  34. CTVT p.367

  35. The End!

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