Download
1 / 72
720 likes | 890 Vues
A distinct social class, the samurai served powerful chiefs called shoguns, who ruled Japan from the 12th century until 1867. The samurai lived by a rigid code of conduct called Bushido, or “the way of the warrior,” which encompassed ideals of loyalty and sacrifice. Emperor - No Power.
E N D
A distinct social class, the samurai served powerful chiefs called shoguns, who ruled Japan from the 12th century until 1867. The samurai lived by a rigid code of conduct called Bushido, or “the way of the warrior,” which encompassed ideals of loyalty and sacrifice.
Emperor - No Power Shogun - Actual Ruler Daimyo - Landowners Samurai - Defenders Peasants, Artisans, Merchants
Japan is still feudal – there is almost no contact with the outside world, shoguns still have the power.
Matthew Perry brings ships with a letter demanding Japan opens its Ports – the Treaty of Kanagawa. Japan opens two ports for US to take on supplies and others soon follow. Extraterritorial rights to foreigners apply.
Meiji Era- Japan decided to reform. Emperor Mutsuhito took land from daimyo and began sending people to study Western ways. He also retrained army, began public education, and begins industrialization. Because of this industrialization, Japan needs resources and become imperialistic.
Japan as a Global Power • Sino-Japanese War • Japan and China fought over Korea • Japan wins and gains ports in China and Korea • Russo-Japanese War • Conflict in Korea led to war between the Russians and Japanese • Modernized Japanese army and navy crush Russian army • Dependence on World Markets • It’s an island…
Major Causes of the New Imperialism NATIONALISM European nations compete for colonies and trade. ECONOMIC COMPETITION Desire for raw materials fuels the global market established by the Industrial Revolution. MISSIONARY SPIRIT European feel obligated to Christianize the “uncivilized” peoples of Africa and Asia.
Major Effects of the New Imperialism COLONIZATION Europeans control land in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. COLONIAL ECONOMIES Europeans control trade in the colonies and dependent cash crop economies. CHRISTIANIZATION Christianity is spread to Africa, Asia, and India.
The Industrial Revolution increased European desire to procure raw materials.Europeans began to explore and conquer Africa, Asia and the Americas
Terms • Colony – a territory controlled by an outside nation • Mother Country – The nation controlling the colony • Imperialism – When a stronger nation controls a weaker nation (usually to obtain wealth)
Terms • Protectorate – a form of control where local rule was left in place but expected to accept the advice of European advisors on trade or other important issues • Sphere of Influence – A form of control in which an outside power claims exclusive investment and trading privileges
Reasons European nationsset up colonies • Colonies were also markets for goods produced in European factories. The mother country would drain the colony of natural resources make finished products and sell them back to the colony. Why? Economic Reasons
ANSWER To increase the mother country’s national wealth
Reasons European nationsset up colonies • This entire process is called mercantilism. The national economic goal is to export more than import so the mother country will have a favorable balance of trade Economic Reasons
Reasons European nationsset up colonies • The mother country realized that it was a matter of national security and interest to protect their trade routes and colonies. Without political control over the territories they could not protect their economic interest. Political Reasons National Strength
Reasons European nationsset up colonies Justification for Expansion • Europeans felt it was their duty to spread their religion (Christianity) and other “benefits” of Western Civilization. This thought that their religion and culture was superior to native peoples is called ethnocentrism Religious Reasons
“When you first came you had the Bible and we had the land, Now we have the Bible and you have the land”
European Advantages • Superior military technology • Diseases impacted local populations Native peoples tried to resist but could not stop European imperialism
Causes of New Imperialism Economic Causes • Need for natural resources • Desire to expand markets Political/ Military Causes • Bases needed to protect trades routes • Nationalism NEW IMPERIALISM Social Causes • To spread Christianity and Western culture • Social Darwinism Technological Causes • Advances in weapons/overseas travel
The Great Land Grab in Africa • On the eve of the European scramble for territory, Africa was filled with people of diverse cultures speaking hundreds of languages and enjoying individual religious, economic, political and social traditions.
What was the “Scramble for Africa?”
Berlin Conference & Partition of Africa • To avoid conflict with one another in Africa, European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to carve up the continent amongst themselves. No Africans were invited.
Berlin Conference & Partition of Africa • Berlin Conference guidelines: • Any sovereign power which wanted to claim any territory should inform the other powers “in order to...make good any claim of their own.” • Any such annexation should be validated by effective occupation. • Treaties with African rulers were to be considered a valid title to sovereignty. Impact: • By 1900, the only areas of Africa remaining independent were Liberia and Ethiopia.
African Resistance • The Zulucame into conflict with the British army as they expanded their control over southern Africa and invaded the Zulu homeland. • Despite early victories, the Zulu were eventually defeated by the technology and vast resources at the command of the British troops. • Africans all over the continent fiercely resisted European domination, but in the end only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent.
Cecil Rhodes • Cecil Rhodes was instrumental in assuring British dominance of southern Africa • founded the De Beers Mining Company (diamonds) • became prime minister of the Cape Colony (now South Africa) in 1890 and used his influence to strengthen British control over the region • master plan: “Cape to Cairo” railroad line that would link British colonial interests in Africa between Egypt and the Cape Colony in southern Africa
Boer War • The Boers (descendents of Dutch settlers) provided heavy armed resistance to Rhodes’ master plan. After a failed attempt to invade the Boer Republic of Transvaal, Rhodes was removed from office. • Great Britain decided to annex the Boer republics, and with Boer resistance came the Boer War (1899-1902). By all accounts the fighting was vicious, with the Boers employing guerilla tactics and the British eventually using 450,000 troops to achieve victory.
Effects of Imperialism on Africa:Tribalism • Because European nations carved Africa up with no regard for traditional tribal boundaries, Africa still suffers from tribalism. • Modern African nations often contain several different tribes that harbor ill feelings towards one another. Therefore, inter-tribal conflict is a common in Africa often leading to civil wars and power struggles within national governments.
Imperialism in China Doc 1
1644 - 1800 Qin had kept China isolated and refused to adopt western ways . Subsequently, China fell behind Europe militarily and economically. The Industrial Revolution pushed European nations to expand in search of markets for European goods Doc 2
Chinese merchants introduced tea to the British in 1666 and it quickly became a highly valued import. High quality Chinese silk and porcelain were also highly prized. • The British early attempts to export goods to China were a failure. The Chinese allowed limited trade only in Canton. British attempts to increase trade were consistently rebuffed.
The Chinese wanted nothing that the west had to offer - gold and silver fled to China in a growing imbalance of trade. This lasted until 1825, when the British found a way to reverse it.
1800 British traded opium, grown in India, to China in exchange for tea. As the Chinese became addicted to the drug,demand increased and much silver went out of China disrupting the economy. The Chinese government outlawed opium to stop further decline
17th century engraving of man in Eastern dresscollecting juice from the buds of poppy plants
FOR PAIN… AYER'S CHERRY PECTORAL"Cures Colds, Coughs and allDiseases of the Throat and Lungs" Advertisement from 1903 medical journal Heroin: the cure for asthma?
After a six-week stand off, the traders surrendered more than 20,000 chests of the narcotic. Doc 3
1839 Chinese warships clashed with British merchants. The superior British military easily defeated the Chinese. This event showed China’s weakness and vulnerability
1842 Treaty of Nanjing – China is forced to accept it and later “unequal treaties”. They are forced to give up rights to western powers and outside forces carve up China into spheres of influence. Doc 4
