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What is Human Trafficking? • “Trafficking in persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. • Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. • The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered “trafficking in persons” even if this does not involve any of the means set forth of this article. Source: United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, Supplemental Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children
Human Trafficking is Slavery ! • Trafficking in humans refers to all acts related to recruitment, transport, sale or purchase of individuals through force, fraud or other coercive means for the purpose of exploitation. • (UN Protocol on Trafficking, 2000)
How many people are enslaved? • 27 million people are enslaved worldwide
In the United States? • U.S. State Department estimates that approx. 700,000 persons are trafficked across international borders each year. (TIP, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011.) • Today, the number is over 800,000 • Of these, the State Department reports that 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked into the U.S. each year.
Within borders? • The numbers of persons trafficked inside of countries (meaning they never get shipped out to another nation) is astounding. • Over 4,000,000!!!! 7
Who is trafficked into slavery? • Females comprise 80% of the persons trafficked across international borders. • Children compromise 50% of those trafficked each year. • Approximately 70% of victims are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation. (TIP Report 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008)
Trafficking in persons is the fastest-growing andsecond largest criminal industry in the world today. • Trafficking is second only to drug trafficking and has passed the illegal arms industry.
Labor Trafficking • a form of modern-day slavery in which individuals perform labor or services through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. Labor trafficking includes situations of debt bondage, forced labor, and involuntary child labor.
Debt Bondage • Bonded labour - or debt bondage - is probably the least known form of slavery today, and yet it is the most widely used method of enslaving people. • A person becomes a bonded labourer when their labour is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan. The person is then tricked or trapped into working for very little or no pay, often for seven days a week. The value of their work is invariably greater than the original sum of money borrowed.
DEBT BONDAGE • Whole families are in bonded labour. Kailash Bhika, 28, with his wife, Rambeti, 24, daughter Ratma, 4 and son Kalv (18 months) • Bonded labour is expanding due to poverty and the global demand for sources of cheap, expendable labour.
Forced Labor • any work or services which people are forced to do against their will under the threat of some form punishment.
Forced Labor • In many places, the state and the military are the sponsors of forced labor.
Forced Labor • Asia and Pacific: 11.7 million (56%) • Africa: 3.7 million (18%) • Latin America and the Caribbean: 1.8 million (9%) • The Developed Economies (US, Canada, Australia, European Union, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Japan): 1.5 million (7%) • Central, Southeast and Eastern Europe (non EU) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CSEE): 1.6 million (7%) • Middle East: 600,000 (3%)
Start: Involuntary Child Labor • employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful
Child Labor • Happens everywhere in the world. • Demand for products here in the West requires cheap labor in the poverty stricken areas of the world. • Made worse since 1994 with the signing and passing of NAFTA • Passed by .......
NAFTA Bill Clinton
NAFTA • Ended the practice of tariffs on imported goods. • Less $$$$ charged on products made outside the U.S. and brought to the U.S. • More American companies went overseas because it’s cheap! • BUT.......
Slick Willy • is viewed as a great President. • WHY?????? • The media loved him......so did
Labor trafficking • Domestic Servitude • Agriculture • Sweatshop labor • Janitorial services • Food service industry • Begging
Recent Cases • Maude Paulin • Miami-Dade Middle School teacher • brought 14 year old from Haiti • abused, beat, tortured and rented the 14 year old to neighbors. • Now getting bubbified for 7 years!!!
Recent Cases • Seripada Lubis sentenced to 10 years for forcing 15 Indonesian women to live in a basement and work for wealthy Maryland home owners. • His Job?????
Recent Cases • Emmanuel Nnaji • kept a Nigerian woman for 9 years as his forced servant. • Sexually abused her as well with his wife’s assistance. • Irving, TX
What is Sex Trafficking? • Sex-trafficking is trafficking of human persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Frequently trafficking woman are sold into brothels or kept as "domestic servants". Other times they are sold to dance restaurants, massage parlors, or other similar situations that serve as a front for brothels. Typically traffickers seek out younger girls, sometimes less than ten years of age, as younger girls are more profitable at the various "markets" at which the girls are sold.
Forms of trafficking/slavery Sex trafficking • Dancers • Pornography • Massage parlors • Street work • Brothels • Mail order brides
Trafficking and Globalization • Trafficking exploits both the positives and the negatives of globalization. • It’s basic economics 32
Capitalism will exploit an area until: • the assets/products exploited are dried up. • those assets/products can be obtained cheaper somewhere else. • For Example: 33
Sex Trafficking • Over the Past 30 years it has moved all around the globe. 34
Southeast Asia • Started out in Southeast Asia. • In Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. • Then it moved to.... 35
Africa 36
Wherever the greatest PROFIT is found that is where the traffickers will go. 38
This sign, outside a Hong Kong club, reads: "Young, fresh Hong Kong girls; White, clean Malaysian girls; Beijing women; Luxurious ghost girls from Russia."
This desperate mother traveled from her village in Nepal to Mumbai, India, hoping to find and rescue her teenage daughter who was trafficked into an Indian brothel. Nepalese girls are prized for their fair skin and are lured with promises of a "good" job and the chance to improve their lives. "I will stay in Mumbai," said the mother, "Until I find my daughter or die. I am not leaving here without her."
This brothel keeper and her slaves are in a red-light district in Mumbai, India. The women and girls used in prostitution may be exploited 10 to 40 times a night, sometimes keeping as little as 20 rupees (less than 50 cents) per encounter. The Madam takes the biggest cut for herself, then pays the landlord, the pimps, and her "protectors." Government corruption is one of the driving factors behind the burgeoning trade in human beings.
Young women used in prostitution wait for customer/exploiters in Mumbai's red light district. They face routine violence from pimps and customers and a wide range of diseases and adverse health effects -- from sexually-transmitted diseases and tuberculosis, to rape, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, and murder.
This woman used in prostitution in Western Europe is forced through threats and intimidation to give all earnings to her trafficker. The amount varies between 200 and 400 Euro ($250-$500 USD) per month. These fees come on top of a huge bogus "debt" typically about $35,000 Euro ($44,000 USD) owed by the woman to the trafficker who brought her, usually from Africa or Eastern Europe. Wealthy European countries are magnets for sex trafficking.
Customers/exploiters come from all over the world. Legalized or tolerated prostitution is a magnet for sex trafficking. The U.S. Government considers prostitution to be "inherently demeaning and dehumanizing," and opposes efforts to legalize it. The PROTECT Act makes it illegal for an American to sexually abuse a minor in another country. Perpetrators can receive up to 30 years in jail.
Like slaves on an auction block waiting to be selected, victims of human trafficking have to perform as they are told or risk being beaten. Sex buyers often claim they had no idea that most women and girls abused in prostitution are desperate to escape, or are there as a result of force, fraud, or coercion.,
Bought and Sold in the 21st Century • -HUMAN commerce rivals ILLEGAL DRUG and ARMS TRAFFICKINGcommerce • -Continues to grow as the U.S. GovernmentPASSES ground-breaking legislation!
HUMAN TRAFFICKING PART II • Sexual Slavery 48
What is Sexual Slavery? • Any or all powers attached to the “right of ownership” over a person. • It may be compromised of repeated sexual abuse or rape by the captor. • The captor may force the victim to provide sexual services to others.
UGLY PHENOMENON • DRUGS AND WEAPONS CAN ONLY BE SOLD ONE TIME, • WOMEN, and CHILDREN CAN BE SOLD EVERY DAY, OVER AND OVER………………..
