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EMERGENCE

EMERGENCE. E stimation and M apping of E mployment R elocation in a G lobal E conomy in the N ew C ommunications E nvironment. IES, Institute for Employment Studies, UK (lead partner) DTI, Danish Technological Institute, Denmark

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EMERGENCE

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  1. EMERGENCE Estimation and Mapping of Employment Relocation in a Global Economy in the New Communications Environment

  2. IES, Institute for Employment Studies, UK (lead partner) DTI, Danish Technological Institute, Denmark FORBA, Forschungs- und Beratungsstelle Arbeitswelt, Austria HIVA, Hoger Instituut Voor de Arbeid, Belgium ISB, Institute of Sociology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary IRES, Economic and Social Research Institute, Italy IMIT, The Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology, Sweden NOP Business, UK CPROST, The School of Communications at Simon Fraser University, Canada The Faculty of Business and Public Management at Edith Cowan University, Australia The Consortium - partners

  3. ISERES, Trade Union Institute for Economic and Social Study and Research, France CIREM, Fundacio Centre D’Indiciatives I Requerces Europe a la Mediterranea, Spain FAST, Forschungsgemeinschaft fuer Aussenwirtschaft, Struktur- und Technologiepolitik, Germany Valter Fissamber Associates, Greece Warsaw Institute of Labour and Social Studies, Poland Prague Research Institute for Labour and Social Affairs, Czech Republic plus associates in: USA Japan India Thailand South Africa Jordan and many other countries … and subcontractors

  4. The research problem • speed of change • lack of clear definitions • convergence between sectors • lack of statistics on trade in services or new occupations or forms of work • lack of international comparability • lack of clear analytical framework • scarcity of up-to-date case study material

  5. Global Statistical Review and Analysis International Employer Survey Discussion paper for Statistics Offices Case Studies Model Conference, seminars, workshops Interactive website Newsletters Report on Implications for SMEs Report on EU Candidate Countries Report on Southern Europe Regional DevelopmentToolkit EMERGENCE’s deliverables

  6. … and additional work: • Extension of survey and case studies to • Australia • Canada • NAS states • USA and • Japan • Case studies in developing countries • Supplementary surveys of small firms in the knowledge sector (Denmark and Ireland already under way) • Global dissemination activities

  7. Global statistical analysis • Literature survey • Global database - 171 variables; 204 countries • Cluster analysis - national level • EU occupational and sectoral data • analysed at NUTS1 regional level

  8. Global statistical analysis

  9. e-leader - 6 large dominant ‘source’ economies e-capable - 23 smaller highly developed ‘source’ economies e-hare - 25 small but rapidly developing countries - potential ‘destinations’ e-tiger - 17 large rapidly developing countries, often existing ‘destinations’ e-maybe - 19 states - with small, highly educated population - ‘source’ or ‘destination’ e-loser - 114 underdeveloped countries at serious risk of exclusion Where the Butterfly Alights

  10. European establishment survey

  11. EMERGENCE employer survey1st phase • 7,500 interviews in the EU + Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic • 18 countries; 17 languages • computer-aided telephone interviewing • sample: employers across the whole economy • with >50 employees • stratified by size • stratified by sector • establishment based • weighted results

  12. partial homework plus hot-desking nomadic working fully home-based working by employees specialist business services suppliers telemediated outsourcing Differing forms of delocalisation Individualised On employers’ premises • Remote back offices • call centres • distributed teams in-house (internal) • Freelance homework • independent nomadic working outsourced (external)

  13. conceptual map of the eOrganisation

  14. Structure of the questionnaire EMERGENCE

  15. Business services covered • Software development/IT support • Data processing/input/typing • Sales (telesales and mobile reps) • Customer service/information/advice • Accounting/invoicing/debt collection • Design/editorial • Management/training/HR

  16. Data collected on: • home-based teleworking • multi-locational teleworking • work on in-house remote sites / call centres (including location and reason for choice) • freelances • outsourced work (including location and reason for choice) ‘downstream’ • ‘upstream’ outsourcing - location of customers

  17. eWork in Europe (demand side) by type of eWork (% of establishments with >50 employees)

  18. Use of outsourced business services (% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

  19. E-work demand by business function(% of establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

  20. Use of home-based eEmployees by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

  21. Use of multilocational eWorkers by country (% of European establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

  22. Use of ‘eLancers’ by country(% of European establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

  23. Outsourcing outside own country, by country(% of European establishments with >50 employees) Source: EMERGENCE employer survey, 2000

  24. Statistical Indicators of eWork

  25. Reasons for collecting data on eWork • Transport policy • Environmental policy • Planning and land use policy • Education and training policy • Social inclusion policy • Trade and industry policy • Development aid policy

  26. Challenges • Industrial structure • What is a sector? • Occupational structure • Professional qualifications/generic skills • Organisational structure • Legal or geographical definition? • Enterprise vs establishment

  27. Collection instruments • Labour force/other population censuses and surveys • Could include household or travel surveys • Establishment censuses/surveys (geographically based) • Enterprise-based data sets including trade records

  28. Other issues • International compatibility • Compatibility with historical time series • Regular updating • Speed • Potential for disaggregation to regional level

  29. Modelling eWork in the EU

  30. Existing data • Individualised forms • Fully home-based • Multilocational • eLance Some longitudinal data exist (UK) • ‘collective’ forms No existing longitudinal data sets – only very crude proxies for some indicators • Main focus therefore on individualised forms

  31. ’Individual’ forms - procedure • Use results of EMERGENCE establishment survey to obtain comparative picture • Use Community LFS individual data and enterprise data to estimate national comparisons of establishments/ employees broken down by • >50/<50 employees • Public/private sector

  32. Procedure (continued) • Use UK lfs to establish relationship between employer use of ework at establishment level and prevalence of eWork in workforce within these categories • Assume that this relationship remains constant within these categories across the EU

  33. Procedure (continued) • Calculate prevalence of eWork in the EU for: • Fully home-based teleworkers • Multilocational teleworkers • eLancers (taking account of differing size & sector structure) • Use UK lfs time series to predict growth rates

  34. ‘collective’ forms of eWork • Use ‘source’ and ‘destination’ information to test hypotheses developed in the global statistical analysis • BUT this is very unreliable at present because of small sample sizes

  35. For more information, go to • www.emergence.nu • www.analytica.org.uk • www.employment-studies.co.uk

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