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Emergence

Emergence. what are emergent structures? ant colonies flocks of birds neighborhoods economies "from the bottom-up" . Emergent properties?. arise from interaction of "lower-level" entities, none of which show it.

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Emergence

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  1. Emergence what are emergent structures? ant colonies flocks of birds neighborhoods economies "from the bottom-up"

  2. Emergent properties? • arise from interaction of "lower-level" entities, none of which show it. E.g. - The volume of a gas, or its pressure or temperature, which are not properties of any individual molecule, though they depend on the properties of those individual molecules. • stable pattern induced by local interaction of agents.

  3. emergent properties are self-organizing • display systematic group behavior different, and not necessarily predictable from the behavior of individuals in the group. not everything is self-organizing

  4. ant colonies flocks of birds neighborhoods economies self-organizing?

  5. self-organizing systems Non-Linear Voter Model • 2 colors, two political parties • each cell polls its immediate neighbor • if all neighbors are of its current opinion, cell retains opinion. • else flips a coin.

  6. T=0 T=20 T=10 T=40

  7. Majority Voting Model • 2 colors for the two parties. • each cell polls neighbors and switches to whichever opinion the majority

  8. T=8 T=0 T=20 T=4

  9. What good are these models? • How real? • What can expect from them? understand the dynamics better distinguish correlations from causes  

  10. U and me Universality Self-organizing criticality (SOC) Fractal scale-free everywhere

  11. bibliograhpy Wolfram, Stephen. Cellular Automata and Complexity: Collected Papers. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley 1994 Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo. Linked: The New Science of Networks 2002 Bak, P. How Nature Works, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996. Bak, P. & Chen, K. Self-organized criticality For images I used: http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/Self-organization/soup-done/nlvm/

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