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DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA . Structure and Replication. Meet the monomers!. Remember the Macromolecules? Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA Monomer nucleotide has 3 parts: sugar (ribose), phosphate and a base. Double stranded Shape of a double helix Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine Stays in the nucleus.

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DNA and RNA

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  1. DNA and RNA Structure and Replication

  2. Meet the monomers! • Remember the Macromolecules? Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA Monomer nucleotide has 3 parts: sugar (ribose), phosphate and a base.

  3. Double stranded Shape of a double helix Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine Stays in the nucleus Single stranded Linear in shape Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine A copy that is able to leave the nucleus DNA and RNA

  4. Chargaff’s Rules • A bonds T • C bonds G • A bonds U in RNA only • Purines (Adenine, Guanine) • Pyramidines (Cytosine, Thymine)

  5. DNA and Chromosomes • DNA in double helix • DNA wrapped around histones (protein) • Chromatin • Condensed into a chromosome • Supercoiled • What process does a cell have to go through to make a new cell?

  6. DNA Replication and Mitosis • In order to make a new cell, the first cell must go through mitosis. • The daughter cell needs to be exactly like the parents cell… • Semi conservative replication

  7. DNA Replication“the truth of the lagging strand” • Helicase holds open helix • RNA polymerase attaches to lagging parent strand • RNA primer gets lagging strand ready for replication • DNA polymerase attaches new complementary bases to form the new daughter strand • The new daughter strand is made in pieces that must be glued together by ligase • The pieces before they are glued together are called Okazaki fragments

  8. The end product of DNA Replication • 2 new copies of DNA that are exact • Each copy has 1 old copy (parent) and one new copy (daughter) • Now for the 2 cells that are the products of mitosis, they will each have a identical and function copy of the DNA.

  9. DNA is unzipped at the replication fork: helicase 1 side of the DNA (leading parent strand) is copied and a new complementary strand is made: DNA polymerase 2nd side of DNA (lagging parent strand) is copied in pieces by DNA polymerase and then glued together by ligase What does “ase” mean?

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