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Writing for International Publications

Writing for International Publications. Christine Piggee, Ph.D. Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society. References Cited . “Writing a Scientific Paper” by Margaret Foster; www.aaas.org/international/eca/presentrus/mfsci/sld001.htm.

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Writing for International Publications

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  1. Writing for International Publications Christine Piggee, Ph.D. Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society

  2. References Cited “Writing a Scientific Paper” by Margaret Foster; www.aaas.org/international/eca/presentrus/mfsci/sld001.htm. Writing and Presenting Scientific Papers; Birgitta Malmfors, Phil Garnsworthy and Michael Grossman; Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, 2000. “Guidelines for Scientific and Technical Publishing” by Celia M. Elliott, June 2001; http://www.physics.uiuc.edu/People/Staff/Celia/Publishing/.

  3. Part 2 – The Structural Elements of a Manuscript* TITLE • should be < or = 15 words • avoid abbreviations • key words should be at beginning • sometimes need shorter “running title” for journal page headings *adapted from Foster

  4. Structural Elements of a Manuscript TITLE (cont.) • two different types of titles • topic - tells about experiments but not results • full story - tells about the research, the results and the conclusions

  5. Structural Elements of a Manuscript EXERCISE Your small group has 10 minutes to create both a “topic” title and a “full-story” title for the following: The authors are performing a series of studies on the effects of various drugs on learning. In this study, rats were given various doses of alcohol. The rates were then trained to solve one of a series of mazes of increasing complexity. It was observed that the more complex the maze, the lower the dose of alcohol needed to impair learning. They also observed that the older rats were more sensitive to the effects of complexity than were younger rats.

  6. Structural Elements of a Manuscript ABSTRACT* • second best chance to explain and ‘sell’ your paper to the reader • do not cite references or figures • < or = 250 words • include objective, approach, main results and conclusions • give a list of key words at the end of the abstract *adapted from Malmfors, Garnsworthy and Grossman

  7. Structural Elements of a Manuscript EXERCISE In your small groups, choose one person to explain their research results and the group will write together an abstract for these results. Then the groups will trade results and critique another group’s titles.

  8. Structural Elements of a Manuscript INTRODUCTION • background information • topic of study • importance of topic

  9. Structural Elements of a Manuscript MATERIALS AND METHODS • details for the reader to evaluate and reproduce your results • cite references for previously published methods

  10. Structural Elements of a Manuscript MATERIALS AND METHODS (cont.) • do not include results in this section • can present different samples, solutions, etc. more clearly in a table

  11. Structural Elements of a Manuscript RESULTS • presented in accurate, clear and logical way • numerical data is best viewed in tables or graphs • bar graphs - discrete measurement • line graphs - changes or trends

  12. Structural Elements of a Manuscript RESULTS (cont.) • only certain negative results • keep your data for at least 2-3 years

  13. Structural Elements of a Manuscript DISCUSSION • observations and their relationships • exceptions/limitations • relations to previous work

  14. Structural Elements of a Manuscript DISCUSSION (cont.) • theoretical or practical implications • summary and conclusions

  15. Structural Elements of a Manuscript DISCUSSION (cont.) • start with specific observations/implications and move to general • do not over-generalize, and avoid speculation

  16. Structural Elements of a Manuscript ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • thank or give credit to people who helped but did not qualify for authorship • technical assistance • advice in research or manuscript

  17. Structural Elements of a Manuscript ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (cont.) • gifts of materials • assistance in preparing manuscript • thank the institutions that funded the work

  18. Structural Elements of a Manuscript REFERENCES • follow the journal’s required format for references • the references cited section is not the same thing as a bibliography • references cited - this manuscript • bibliography - this topic

  19. Structural Elements of a Manuscript TABLES AND FIGURES • printed separately, one per page • caption • present data set either in tables/figures or in the text • minimal number of digits

  20. Structural Elements of a Manuscript TABLES AND FIGURES • only include tables and figures which are referenced in the text • label your axes and include units of measurement • do not use color unless completely necessary

  21. Structural Elements of a Manuscript TABLES AND FIGURES • make the symbols and letters large enough* • letters >= 18 pt. • lines >= 2 pt. • symbols >= 16 pt. *from Elliott

  22. Structural Elements of a Manuscript TITLE PAGE • manuscript title • authors • affiliated institutions of the authors • “submitted to Journal Name” • date • contact information for the corresponding author

  23. Structural Elements of a Manuscript COVER LETTER • summarize the main point of the manuscript • why they should be interested • list possible reviewers • those you do not want to be reviewers

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