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The Russian Revolution

Chapter 11 Section 5. The Russian Revolution. Today’s Standard . 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I.

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The Russian Revolution

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  1. Chapter 11 Section 5 The Russian Revolution

  2. Today’s Standard 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I. • Understand the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution, including Lenin's use of totalitarian means to seize and maintain control (e.g., the Gulag). What were the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution? 1 paragraph Essential Question

  3. Industrialization • Sergey Witte completes Trans-Siberian Railway in 1904 • 5,753 miles • 7 time zones! / 8 days long! • Unrest due to awful conditions • low wages • child labor • HUGE gap between rich and poor

  4. The Czar • Autocracy – Czars had total power • A cycle of enlightenment ideas & ruthless treatment

  5. Czar Nicholas II ignored the needs of his people • Personally commanded forces in WWI and failed

  6. Czarina Alexandra made political decisions in husband’s absence • Rasputin – mysterious Monk who advised Czarina

  7. Causes of the Revolution • Russo-Japanese War (1904) • Russians lose • Due to lack of Indust. • Creates riots and unrest

  8. Bloody Sunday (1905) • Over 100,000 protesters march on Winter Palace w/ a petition • Royal Army opens fire & kills est. 1,000 people

  9. Czar criticized internationally for his brutality • Creation of Duma, Russia’s 1st parliament, to try and make amends

  10. WWI losses • Russia unindustrialized • 5 million dead • Return home to famine and poverty

  11. March Revolution (1917) • Czar convinced to step down • Duma takes full control as Russia’s provisional government • Continued fighting in WWI = BIG mistake

  12. Vladmir Lenin • Living in exile in Serbia • German government aided him in returning to Russia to cause a revolution that would end the war on the eastern front

  13. The Bolsheviks • Political party representing the proletariat (workers) • Lenin spread Marxist ideas from Communist Manifesto supporting overthrow of Bourgeoisie • Workers create Soviets (councils)

  14. November Revolution 1917 • Lenin promises “Peace, Land, and Bread” • Factory workers and sailors overthrow govt. • Bolsheviks take control.

  15. Lenin Takes Charge • Lenin tackles problems left by the Czar • Peace – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Focus on war-related shortages of food and supplies • End of Russian involvement in WWI

  16. A Communist Govt.(or is it a dictatorship of the communist Party?) • Redistributed land to the Soviets • Land for farmers • Factories/Mines to workers • New flag to represent it

  17. Civil War • Bolsheviks (Reds) vs. Counter-Revolutionaries (Whites) • Allies supported the Whites • Wanted Russia to rejoin WWI • Leon Trotsky leads the Reds • Red wins • Creates distrust between Soviet Union and Western Allies (U.S., Britain, France, etc..)

  18. Cracking Down • Cheka • Secret Police executing anyone even accused of being a counter-revolutionary • War communism – took over banks, mines, factories and railroads. Original caption: Scene in Petrograd street showing the death toll of a morning's work by the Tcheka or the extraordinary commission. A dozen dead bloodied bodies lie on ground while several people including police look on.

  19. THE USSR • Lenin changes name of Russia to USSR (1922) • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR AKA – The Soviet Union

  20. Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) • A taste of capitalism • Allowed for some entrepreneurs • Peasants sell grain for profit • Economy improves

  21. Power Struggle • Lenin dies Jan. 24, 1924 • Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin compete for leadership • Stalin rose to power after the death of Lenin (1924)

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