1. Enduring Understandings 1. International conflict often leads to domestic changes. 3. In times of crisis, people often turn to strong leaders in search of stability. 5. Conflicts of the 20th Century were rooted in political and ideological differences around the world. THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Key Questions Describe the long-term and short-term causes of the Russian Revolution. Focus particularly on ideology, social, economic, military and political conditions. Are all revolutions the same? Compare the Russian Revolution to the French Revolution.

2. Day 2 – Crisis leads to Revolution – The Bolsheviks take over • Watch Last Tsar – Explain the reasons why he was the last Tsar • Complete (page 1 part A7-12 and part B) to understand the factors that led to the Russian Revolution. • Read and complete p 4 to understand from primary sources why there was a revolution in Russia • View video about the rise of the Bolsheviks • Actively read p 5 and answer the 3 Questions with specific reference to the reading (cite by paragraph) about Lenin • Review page 1 using slideshow • Questions?

3. The Last Czar and why

4. The Provisional Government’s Mistakes • Led by Alexander Karensky, the provisional government continued to concentrate on the war effort in World War I and neglected to deal with land reform. • These became fatal mistakes. • Lenin, along with Leon Trotsky, gained support of many who were angry with the provisional government.

5. Lenin and the Bolsheviks • Lenin, born to a middle class family, was familiar with the works of Karl Marx. • He spread Marxist ideas to factory workers, which got him exiled from Western Russia. • Lenin adapted Marx’s ideas because Russia did not have a large urban proletariat. He wanted an elite group to lead the revolution instead. • He established the Bolsheviks, meaning majority, as a group supporting socialism.

6. The Bolshevik Takeover – October 1917 Revolution • In November of 1917, the Red Guards, who were armed factory workers, attacked the Russian government. • Seized control within days, and continued to takeover other cities. • Government led by Bolsheviks takes over ownership of all land and factories • Land redistributed to peasants and control of mines and factories given to workers. • Bolsheviks rename themselves the Communist Party.

7. The Russian Revolution Begins

8. Civil War • Reds (Bolsheviks/Communists) vs. Whites (Mensheviks/counterrevolutionaries) • The Allies intervened by helping the Whites because they needed Russia’s assistance in WWI. • Reds win after 3 years

9. The New Government • Russia became the USSR (Soviet Union) reorganizing the state into separate parts, called Republics, run by local “elected” soviets (councils) • But there was no democracy, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union reigned supreme • The new government faces HUGE problems of war, starvation, poverty, political instability, economic depression – little agricultural or industrial production • Lenin’s New Economic Policy • Allowed some capitalist ventures • Retreated from war communism • State controlled large industries and banks • Peasants controlled small plots of land and their own crops • Lenin saw this as a temporary retreat from Communism

11. Stalin Takes Over • When Lenin dies, there are two possible successors, Trotsky and Stalin. • Stalin strips Trotsky of party membership and returns the USSR to pure Communism.