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Classification

Classification. Chapter 7 sections 1 & 2 Pages 164-179. Why Classify?. Classification : putting things into categories, orderly groups based on similar characteristics Important Questions : How many known species are there? What are the defining characteristics of each species?

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Classification

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  1. Classification Chapter 7 sections 1 & 2 Pages 164-179

  2. Why Classify? • Classification: putting things into categories, orderly groups based on similar characteristics • Important Questions: • How many known species are there? • What are the defining characteristics of each species? • What are the relationships between these species?

  3. How Do Scientists Classify Organisms? • Carolus Linnaeus: founded modern taxonomy (1700s) based on shape and structure, 7 level system • Taxonomy: the science of describing, classifying, and naming living things • The more characteristics the organisms share, the more closely related the organisms may be.

  4. Branching Diagrams

  5. 7 Levels of Classification • Kingdom-largest • Phyla • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Here are some sentences: • Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach. • Koalas Prefer Chocolate Or Fruit, Generally Speaking • King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti • Keeping Precious Creatures Organized For Grumpy Scientists

  6. Scientific Names • Two Part Names: Genus and Species • All two part names: the genus starts with a capital letter and the species names start with a lower case letter, usually italicized when surrounding words are not • Usually in Latin or Greek

  7. Dichotomous Keys • An identification aid that uses sequential pairs of descriptive statements • Consists of answers to a series of questions

  8. Taxonomic Key What steps would you use to identify an apple? • 1a Fruits occur singly ................................................. Go to 3 • 1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or more ................ Go to 2 • 2a Fruits are round ................................................... Grapes • 2b Fruits are elongate ............................................... Bananas • 3a Thick skin that separates easily from flesh .........Oranges • 3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh .............................. Go to 4 • 4a More than one seed per fruit ............................ Apples • 4b One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to 5 • 5a Skin covered with fuzz.................... Peaches • 5b Skin smooth, without fuzz........................... Plums

  9. The Six Kingdoms

  10. Two Kingdoms of Bacteria • Archaebacteria: prokaryotes that can live in extreme conditions • Eubacteria: all bacteria not in the archaebacteria kingdom such as bacteria found in soil, water, and inside you.

  11. Kingdom Protista • Simple multicellular or single celled • Eukaryotes • Not plants, animals or fungi • Animal like protists called protozoa • Plant like protists called algae (slime mold)

  12. Kingdom Fungi • Molds and mushrooms • Do not perform photosynthesis (like plants) and do not eat food (like animals) • They absorb nutrients • Use digestive juices to break down substances

  13. Kingdom Plantae • Eukaryotic • Cell Walls • Photosynthesis • Can be on land or water • Provide habitat for other organisms also provide food for organisms • Can not move around

  14. Kingdom Animalia • Complex, multicellular organisms that don’t have cell walls • Usually able to move around • Specialized sense organs • Quickly respond to their environment • Also includes worms, insects, coral and even sponges

  15. The modern system of classification has 8 levels: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  16. Extras… • Brain Pops: Classification, Six Kingdoms, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, and Protists • http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzbioclass.html • http://www.biology4kids.com/index.html • http://www.biology4kids.com/files/studies_taxonomy.html

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