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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Functions of the Respiratory System. Breathing process Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Enable speech production. Cellular Respiration. All cells require oxygen for metabolism All cells require means to remove carbon dioxide. External Respiration. Ventilation

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System

  2. Functions of the Respiratory System • Breathing process • Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide • Enable speech production

  3. Cellular Respiration • All cells require oxygen for metabolism • All cells require means to remove carbon dioxide

  4. External Respiration • Ventilation • exchange of air between lungs and atmosphere • Breathing largely involuntary activity

  5. Structures of Respiratory System • upper respiratory tract • nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea • lower respiratory tract • bronchial tree and lungs

  6. Nose • Nasal cavity – other name • Contains • Mucus (warms air) • Cilia (traps dirt and dust) • olfactory nerve (nerve that determine smell)

  7. Larynx • Sound waves are generated here to produce speech. • Voice box

  8. Trachea • Windpipe or airway • Made of smooth muscle • divides into two branches: bronchi • no gaseous exchange

  9. Bronchi • Bronchus, singular • Made with smooth muscle • Ends with air sacs called alveoli

  10. Alveoli • air sacs • alveolar wall membranes one cell thick and surrounded by capillaries • gaseous exchange takes place here

  11. Lungs Right-3 lobes Left-2 lobes trachea

  12. Diaphragm • muscle separating chest and abdomen • diaphragm contracts • air flows in • diaphragm relaxes • air flows out

  13. COPD • Asthma • bronchospasms, parosysmal, productive cough, • mucolytics, bronchodilators • Chronic Bronchitis • mucosal swelling, productive cough, chest pain • expectorants, bronchodilators, steroids • Emphysema • barrel-chest, dyspnea, orthopnea

  14. Influenza • Acute infectious respiratory disease • Viral • Fever, chills, headache, myalgia, anorexia • Avoid aspirin in children

  15. Pleural Effusions • Excess fluid in pleural cavity • associated with congestive heart failure, ascites, infectious lung diseases, trauma • diagnosis • auscultation, percussion • Empyema, hydrothorax, hemothorax, pnrumothorax, pyopneumothorax • thoracentesis

  16. Tuberculosis • Infectious, highly communicable disease • aerosol transmission • primary tuberculosis, tubercles • immunocompromised • effects other organ systems • drug resistant strains

  17. Cystic Fibrosis • Hereditary disorder, affects exocrine glands • systemic involvement • lungs, pancreas, digestive tract • Viscous mucus blocks bronchioles • Gas exchange impaired

  18. Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Surfactant • decreases the surface tension of the alveoli • needed for alveoli to fill with air and expand (compliance) • Infant respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) • Adult respiratory distress syndrome

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