THE JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLIC ( 1801-1809)

1. THE JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLIC (1801-1809)

2. JEFFERSON'S FIRST TERM Adams was so upset about the election that he left the capital before Jefferson took office

3. The Election of 1800 • In some ways the most important election in history • SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS ELECTION- • IT WAS THE FIRST TIME IN HUMAN HISTORY THAT POLITICAL POWER WAS FREELY AND PEACEABLY GIVEN UP TO AN OPPOSITION GROUP. • EACH TIME POWER HAD EVER CHANGED HAND IN HUMAN HISTORY HAD BEEN AS A RESULT OF SOMESORT OF VIOLENT ACTION. • PEOPLE REALLY DID NOT KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT AS A RESULT OF THIS CHANGE. • BELIEVED IN A "LAISSEZ-FAIRE" APPROACH TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

4. U.S. in the 1800’s

5. The Midnight Judges • Before he left town, however, he made a number of "midnight appointments," filling as many government positions with Federalists as he could

6. Midnight Judges

7. Jefferson’s Response • Refused to recognize those appointments • Upon taking office, Jefferson also immediately pardoned all those convicted under the Alien and Sedition Acts • Persuaded Congress, now controlled by his party, to repeal the laws

8. Jefferson Takes Control

9. Marburyvs Madison • Jefferson's refusal to accept Adams' midnight appointments resulted in a number of lawsuits • Marbury v. Madison, reached the Supreme Court in 1803

10. Marburyvs Madison

11. Marburyvs Madison • William Marbury, one of Adams' last-minute appointees, had sued Secretary of State James Madison for refusing to certify his appointment to the federal bench • Chief Justice, Marshall, a Federalists, was not certain that the court could force Jefferson to accept Marbury's appointment • Court ruled that Marbury did indeed have a right to his judgeship, but that the court could not enforce his right • Although the power to do so had been granted to the Supreme Court in the Judiciary Act of 1789, Marshall now declared it unconstitutional

12. Major accomplishment of Jefferson's first term was the Louisiana Purchase

13. The Louisiana Purchase

14. The Louisiana Purchase • Jefferson sent James Monroe to France to buy New Orleans for $2 million • The French offered to sell Monroe the whole Louisiana territory for $15 million • Napoleon, in need of money and no longer foreseeing an empire in North America, offers Monroe the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 Million. • Monroe, who could not communicate with Jefferson, felt that he could not turn down this deal and signed the treaty.

15. Jefferson’s Federal Action • Ironically, Jefferson the anti-federalist had undertaken the largest federal action in the nation's brief history

16. PROBLEM FOR JEFFERSON • HIS VIEW ON THE CONSTITUTION AND HIS INTERPRETATION OF THE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT • IF THE CONSTITUTION DOES NOT GIVE THE PRESIDENT THE POWER TO BUY LAND, COULD HE BUY THE LAND. • JEFFERSON DECIDES THAT THE CONSTITUTION GAVE THE PRESIDENT THE POWER TO NEGOTIATE TREATIES WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SENATE. • HE SENT THE TREATY WHICH WAS RATIFIED VERY QUICKLY.

17. Significance of the Purchase • DOUBLED THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES, ADDING ABOUT 828,000 SQUARE MILES. • ENDS THE FEAR THAT THE PORT OF NEW ORLEANS WOULD BE CLOSED TO WESTERN FARMERS. • ALLOWED SETTLEMENT WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. • PROVIDED THE UNITED STATES WITH HUGE AMOUNTS OF NATURAL RESOURCES.

18. Louisiana Purchase

19. The Lewis and Clark Expedition • Jefferson sent explorers • All returned with favorable reports, causing many pioneers to turn their attentions westward

20. Lewis and Clark

21. JEFFERSON'S SECOND TERM

22. War of 1812 In 1805 the British and French were at war

23. British began stopping American ships and impressing those sailors who might have deserted the British navy Jefferson responded with a boycott, biding his time while increasing military and naval appropriations

24. Jefferson lobbied for and won the Embargo Act of 1807 Shut down America's import and export business, with disastrous economic results

25. Jefferson repealed the unsuccessful Embargo Act in the final days of his presidency