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JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLIC

JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLIC. THOMAS JEFFERSON 1801-1809. THOMAS JEFFERSON. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS. Wanted a smooth transition of parties Maintained National Bank & debt repayment Kept many Federalist advisors Wanted the retain supporters Reduced the size of the military

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JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLIC

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  1. JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLIC

  2. THOMAS JEFFERSON1801-1809

  3. THOMAS JEFFERSON

  4. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Wanted a smooth transition of parties • Maintained National Bank & debt repayment • Kept many Federalist advisors • Wanted the retain supporters • Reduced the size of the military • Eliminated the number of federal jobs • Repealed excise tax

  5. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Louisiana Purchase • 1800 Napoleon forced Spain to give Louisiana Territory & New Orleans to France • Closed New Orleans & Mississippi River to the Americans • By 1803-lost interest in North America • 1804-Jefferson sends ambassadors to France to ask for New Orleans

  6. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Louisiana Purchase • Could spend up to $10 million, if denied go to England and ask for alliance • Napoleon needs money for war with Great Britain • Offers New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory for $15 million • Americans accept going beyond instructions • Jefferson approved of deal, but did not believe he had the power to buy lands • Submits to the Senate as a treaty

  7. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Louisiana Purchase Consequences • Doubled the size of the US=15 states • Removed all foreign nations from border • Controlled Mississippi River & New Orleans • Lewis & Clark Expeditions • Increased popularity of Jefferson & the Democratic-Republicans

  8. LEWIS AND CLARK

  9. WILLIAM MARBURY

  10. SUPREME COURT POWER • Adams-”Midnight Judges” • Jefferson-orders Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver commissions • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Marbury had a right to his commission according to the Judiciary Act of 1789, but that Act gave the Supreme Court more power than the Constitution, so it is unconstitutional & Marbury can not be given his commission • Established the doctrine of “judicial review”-Supreme Court had the power to decide whether an Act of Congress or the President was constitutional

  11. AARON BURR

  12. ELECTION OF 1804 • Jefferson re-elected but Democratic-Republicans decide not to nominate Aaron Burr as Vice President • Burr decides to run for Gov. of NY with plan of secession • Hamilton is his opponent and wins • Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel & kills him • 1806-Burr planned to take Mexico from Spain, unite it with Louisiana Territory to form a new country • Jefferson orders his arrest and trial for treason • Burr acquitted for lack of evidence & disappears from history

  13. FOREIGN AFFAIRS • Tripoli War-Barbary Pirates • 1807-Leopard v. Chesapeake • Embargo Act • Prohibited American trade to any foreign country • Hoped it would cause hardship to Britain and France • Backfired-greater hardship to US, but did increase Northern manufacturing

  14. ELECTION OF 1808 • Jefferson decides not to run for a third term • Jefferson supports his Secretary of State, James Madison • Runs against a federalist and two other Democratic-Republicans • Madison receives majority of electoral votes

  15. JAMES MADISON1809-1817

  16. JAMES MADISON

  17. FOREIGN AFFAIRS • 1809-Non-Intercourse Act-repealed the Embargo Act, US would trade with all countries except Britain & France • 1810-Macon’s Bill-restored trade with Britain & France • 1810-Macon’s Bill #2-If Britain or France would accept a treaty to stop seizing ships, we would stop trade with their enemy • Napoleon’s Deception-Napoleon agreed to leave ships alone, US puts an embargo against Britain, France continued to seize ships

  18. FOREIGN AFFAIRS • War of 1812-Second War for Independence • Causes • Free Seas and trade • Frontier Pressure • War Hawks • Battles-separate sheet • Treaty of Ghent (1814) • Returned all conquered land • Pre-war northern boundary

  19. FOREIGN AFFAIRS • War of 1812-Consequences • US gains respect of world nations • Accept Canada as neighbor • Federalist Party ends • Native Americans force to surrender large areas of land • More factories built due to blockade • First American nationalism • War heroes to be presidents

  20. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Hartford Convention • New England states • Federalists-Opposed to war • December 1814 • Some wanted secession • Proposed 2/3rd vote for any future declaration of war • Set precedent looked to by the southern states on secession

  21. ELECTION OF 1816 • Madison decides not to run for third term • Supports his Secretary of State-James Monroe • Monroe easily wins the election 183 to 34 in the electoral college • Monroe’s administration named “Era of Good Feelings”

  22. JAMES MONROE1817-1825

  23. JAMES MONROE

  24. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Nationalism • Cultural • Economic • Tariff of 1816-first “protective” tariff • Panic of 1819 • 2nd Bank of the United States • Most severe in the west • Changes in political parties • Federalist party is dead • Factions & sectionalism divide Democratic-Republicans

  25. HENRY CLAY

  26. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Missouri Compromise (1820) • Even balance of slave & free states (11) • Missouri ready to be a state-wants slavery • First state from the Louisiana Territory to apply for statehood • Debated for one year • Henry Clay comes up with a compromise • Missouri admitted as slave state • Maine admitted as free state (population exemption) • Louisiana Territory divided at the 36 latitude line • Above the line-free states • Below the line-slave states

  27. MISSOURI COMPROMISE MAP

  28. FOREIGN AFFAIRS • Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)-limited military in Great Lakes-”unfortified border” • Florida • Spain had left to put down revolutions in South America • Place for criminals, runaway slaves, Native Americans-raid cities in Georgia • 1817-Monroe sends General Andrew Jackson to pursue raiders-crosses into Spanish Florida • Spanish worried Americans would take Florida by force • Florida Purchase Treaty (1819) • Spain gives US Florida and rights to Oregon • US forgives $5 million in debt and rights to Texas

  29. GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON

  30. FOREIGN AFFAIRS • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • Address to Congress-Monroe enacts new foreign policy • European countries could no longer take colonies in North or South America • European countries were not to interfere with governments in North or South America • United States would not interfere in European Affairs • Impact • Americans supported, but forgot about • Europeans upset, but didn’t invade • Could never have enforced it

  31. JOHN MARSHALL

  32. MARSHALL COURT • Appointed by John Adams (Federalist) • Decisions favor the National Government and property rights over state’s rights • Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) • States can not alerter contracts of private corporations • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Federal government has the right to create a bank and states can not tax federal institutions • Cohens v. Virginia (1821) • Supreme Court can review any decision in a state court involving the federal government • Gibbons v. Ogden (1821) • Federal government controls interstate commerce

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