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Injection and Extraction Kicker Magnet Design for Particle Accelerators

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aimee
13 diapositives · 286 Views · Oct 09, 2014

This document details the electrical engineering considerations for kicker magnet systems used in particle accelerators, specifically focusing on injection and extraction processes. Key specifications discussed include kicker aperture, length, inductance, and associated power supply requirements for various energy levels (10.5 MeV and 20.5 MeV). The impact of inductance and interconnection design on system performance is addressed, along with simplified thin-lens models for estimation of orbit geometries. The findings aim to aid in improving electromagnetic field management and reliability in accelerator design.

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Injection and Extraction Kicker Magnet Design for Particle Accelerators
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  1. Injection and Extractioninto/out of EMMA Neil Marks, ASTeC, CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K. Tel: (44) (0)1925 603191 Fax: (44) (0)1925 603192 n.marks@dl.ac.uk

  2. Electrical Engineering considerations • From Takei Yokoi’s presentation of 18/10/06 : • kicker aperture: 45 mm x 45 mm; • kicker length: 0.1 m; • kicker inductance: 130 nH. • For a kick of 0.1 radian, single turn magnet: • field in magnet: 0.035 T; • current at 10.5 MeV: 1.25 kA; • current at 20.5 MeV: 2.44 kA; • For turn-off/on in 20 ns: • voltage across magnet at 10.5 MeV: 7.9 kV; • voltage across magnet at 20.5 MeV: 15.4 kV

  3. power supply magnet power supply magnet Magnet/Power Supply interface. • For kicker magnets, the power supply and magnet must be regarded as an indivisible system. • Two standard systems are used in accelerators: • The ‘matched delay line’: • The ‘close coupled’ system:

  4. Problems with both circuits! • Matched delay-line problems: • the voltage wave propagating into the magnet is half the voltage of the power supply; • – so the power supply voltage is twice the magnet volts; • distributed capacitance must be added to the magnet • - the mechanical arrangements become complex; • consequently only used for large installations (CERN). • Close coupled system problems: • the inductance of the inter-connecting cables appears in series with that of the magnet; • so, power supply must be very close to the magnet.

  5. 2 b 2 a Interconnection Inductance. Inductance per unit length of two parallel conducting plates: Low frequency: • L= (m0/p){ (a/b) arctan (b/a) + loge [(b2 + a2)/b2]1/2 } H/m; • High frequency approximation: • L= m0 a /2b (pessimistic approximation) • eg at low frequency: for b = a: L = 300 nH/m; • for b = 2a: L = 266 nH/m; • at high frequency: for b = a: L = 630 nH/m; • for b = 2a: L = 315 nH/m; • for interconnection of 0.5m, this is ~ magnet inductance.

  6. Power supply voltages • Conclusion for close coupled systems: • With best possible geometry: • L connections~ 3/4 L magnet • and: • V power supply ~ (1.75) V magnet • So, for kick of 0.1 radian power supply voltages will be: • injection: V power supply ~ 14 kV • extraction: V power supply ~ 27 kV • An increase in magnet inductance (ie length) would improve this!

  7. Possible injection/extraction orbits • Using data from Scott Berg and Shinji Machida, rough approximate (thin lens) models of injection and extraction orbit geometries were assembled in EXCEL. • First task was to reproduce the undisturbed 10.5 MeV and 20.5 MeV orbits over two cells. • Because of thin lens approximation (probably), the exact parameters could not be replicated – small reductions in the quadrupole strengths gave close approximation to the original data. • The injection/extraction paths diagrams are proceeded by the undisturbed orbit models, used as a basis for the study.

  8. D F D F Beam Undisturbed orbit at 10.5 MeV • Displacement (vertical axis) is relative to the 15.5 MeV reference orbit: Both axies are in mm; Positive displacement is radially outwards; Note that the orbit is traced backwards through the lattice. .

  9. Single kick injection? Because of the position of the 10.5 MeV orbit, the injection from the inside of the ring, with a negative kick is more effective. In spite of a 0.15 radian kick, this does not look like a feasible solution.

  10. + ve kick - ve kick Two kick (adjacent long straights) injection. The addition of a positive kick in the long straight preceding the injection straight gives a feasible looking injection path. The beam would enter through the ‘window’ of the QF at x = 650 mm, with a magnetic shield. No septum is required. The 0.12 radian kicks require: I = 1.5 kA; V = 17 kV ( on the power supply).

  11. Undisturbed orbit at 20.5 MeV Displacement (vertical axis) is relative to the 15.5 MeV orbit: Both axies are in mm; Positive displacement is radially outwards. Note that the orbit now is shown in the forward direction.

  12. Septum magnet to be placed in this long straight. Extraction with a single kick and septum magnet. The kick of 0.12 radians at 20.5 MeV requires; I = 2.9 kA; V = 32.4 kV (on the power supply). This voltage is demanding but possible (?) The positioning of a septum magnet in the long straight after the extraction straight will need careful study.

  13. Health Warning! • The orbit predications are made using simple, thin-lens algorithms and are intended to ‘point the way’ to satisfactory solutions with ‘achievable’ electrical engineering and not to give exact and accurate orbit positions; • they must be followed up by more accurate tracking studies with both the ideal orbit and the magnet field distributions predicted by Ben Shepherd; • the very short switching times represent a major problem and are outside the experience of any at DL (or RAL?); • the effect of stray capacitance has not been considered – it could result in very significant distortion to rise and fall times; • the injection and extractions systems represent major development exercises.