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The Nixon Years

The Nixon Years. A New Majority. Nixon leaves on copter; gives signature two-handed V salute (situational irony). Who was Richard Milhouse Nixon?. 1968 pro-Nixon rally in California. Who was Richard Millhouse Nixon?. Religion Quaker refraining from drinking, dancing and swearing

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The Nixon Years

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  1. The Nixon Years A New Majority Nixon leaves on copter; gives signature two-handed V salute (situational irony)

  2. Who was Richard Milhouse Nixon? 1968 pro-Nixon rally in California

  3. Who was Richard Millhouse Nixon? • Religion • Quaker • refraining from drinking, dancing and swearing • Intelligent • Given scholarship to Harvard but too poor to accept • Ambitious • Lawyer and WWII vet • Congressmen during Red Scare • Wanted greatness • Paranoid Above: President Nixon meeting Elvis; below: as Vice-President, with Checkers

  4. What was the Conservative Backlash? • When many Americans switched party loyalties and voted Republican • Became the “silent majority” • Against: • Warren Court Decisions • Viewed as helping perpetrator, not the victim: Above: Nixon wearing hardhat; below: riot police at anti-war demonstration Gideon v. WainwrightEscobedo v. IllinoisMiranda v. Arizona

  5. Nixon and the Hardhats Capture from long clip on conservative backlash after Kent State

  6. What was the Conservative Backlash? • Anti-Vietnam War demonstrators • Anti-Great Society • “We don’t get one cent from the government.” • Anti-Counterculture • Those who opposed traditional American values Right: Prematurely gray John McCain comes home after being held and tortured in North Vietnam

  7. Merle Haggard’s “Okie from Muskogee” We don't smoke marijuana in Muskogee;We don't take our trips on LSDWe don't burn our draft cards down on Main Street;We like livin' right, and bein' free.I'm proud to be an Okie from Muskogee,A place where even squares can have a ballWe still wave Old Glory down at the courthouse,And white lightnin's still the biggest thrill of allWe don't make a party out of lovin';We like holdin' hands and pitchin' woo;We don't let our hair grow long and shaggy,Like the hippies out in San Francisco do.And I'm proud to be an Okie from Muskogee,A place where even squares can have a ball.We still wave Old Glory down at the courthouse,And white lightnin's still the biggest thrill of all.Leather boots are still in style for manly footwear;Beads and Roman sandals won't be seen.Football's still the roughest thing on campus,And the kids here still respect the college dean.We still wave Old Glory down at the courthouse,In Muskogee, Oklahoma, USA.

  8. Conservative but practical Supported some Liberal programs Raised Social Security benefits Expanded Job Corps Lowered Voting Age (18) Environmental Protection Agency Occupational Safety and Health Administration Describe Nixon the politician. Nixon looking thoughtful

  9. Describe Nixon’s New Federalism Program. • Very conservative policy • Reduced taxes (gave it to states) • Family Assistance Plan • Simplified Welfare program that required job training • Guaranteed $1, 600 for family of 4 • Did not pass in Congress • Abolished Office of Economic Opportunity • Cornerstone of Great Society • Impounded $15 billion federal funds for housing, education • Overruled by Supreme Court Nixon glares at questioner during press conference

  10. How did Nixon attempt to establish law and order? • Appointed John Mitchell as Attorney General (very conservative) • Strengthened police powers • Wiretaps without Warrants • Imprisonment without bail • IRS & FBI used to harass Civil Rights, Anti-War protesters • Audited tax returns • Spied to “dig up dirt” Nixon with the aged J. Edgar Hoover, who was FBI director under nine Presidents, starting with Warren Harding (Nixon finally pressured him to retire.)

  11. How did Nixon attempt to establish law and order? • Infiltrated Black Panther Party, SDS • 28 Black Panthers killed by police • Hundreds arrested • Supported election of city mayors who would be tough on crime • Notable was Philadelphia’s Frank Rizzo Above: Black Panthers; below: Rizzo arrives at riot from black tie affair, nightstick in his vest

  12. Nixon’s Anti-Crime Efforts Capture from clip on Nixon’s anti-crime efforts and the role of the FBI

  13. What was the “Southern Strategy?” • Nixon’s plan to win the votes of ‘Sun Belt’ democrats • Sun Belt = Southern States, & TX, AZ, CA, OK, NV • Tried to delay desegregation of schools in SC and MS • Overruled by Supreme Court • Opposed integration through busing • Congress opposed him • Opposed extending Voting Rights Act of ’65 • Congress extended it anyway • Tried to appoint Ultra Conservatives to Supreme Court • G. Harrold Carswell was white supremacist (rejected by Senate) Above: map shows Sun Belt; below: Judge Carswell

  14. What role did Spiro Agnew play in Nixon's attempt to gain the Wallace vote? Agnew on the cover of Life magazine • Served as his “Bulldog” • Gave speeches critical of: • Eastern Establishment • Liberal Democrats-“sniveling handwringers” • Media- Agnew said it had liberal bias • Curled-lipped boys in eastern ivory towers, • An effete corps of impudent snobs, • They are nattering nabobs of negativism.

  15. Spiro Agnew holds forth on how the Liberals are ruining America:

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