1 / 25

THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION

THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION. CHAPTER 32, SECTION 1. IMPORTANT TERMS. RICHARD M. NIXON NEW FEDERALISM REVENUE SHARING FAMILY ASSISTANCE PLAN SOUTHERN STRATEGY STAGFLATION O.P.E.C. REALPOLITIK DÉTENTE S.A.L.T. I TREATY. IMPORTANT DATES. 1968: NIXON ELECTED PRESIDENT 1969:

trevor
Télécharger la présentation

THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER 32, SECTION 1

  2. IMPORTANT TERMS • RICHARD M. NIXON • NEW FEDERALISM • REVENUE SHARING • FAMILY ASSISTANCE PLAN • SOUTHERN STRATEGY • STAGFLATION • O.P.E.C. • REALPOLITIK • DÉTENTE • S.A.L.T. I TREATY

  3. IMPORTANT DATES • 1968: NIXON ELECTED PRESIDENT • 1969: • FAMILY ASSISTANCE PLAN (FAP) FAILS IN CONGRESS • JULY: APOLLO 11 MOON LANDING • 1971: SWANN v. CHARLOTTE BOARD OF EDUCATION • 1972: • NIXON VISITS CHINA • NIXON & SOVIETS SIGN SALT I TREATY • 1973: YOM KIPPUR WAR • 1973-74: OPEC OIL EMBARGO

  4. NIXON ENTERS THE PRESIDENCY • WHEN? 1968 • WHY? • LBJ HAD WITHDRAWN • VIETNAM • FAILURE OF THE GREAT SOCIETY • DISCONTENT W/ DEMOCRATS • GOALS: • DECREASE THE SIZE & INFLUENCE OF THE FEDERAL GOV’T. • VIETNAMIZATION • IMPROVE THE U.S. ECONOMY • IMPROVE RELATIONS W/THE COMMUNIST WORLD

  5. RICHARD M. NIXON

  6. CHANGING THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT • DEMOCRATS: TRADITIONALLY BELIEVED IN “BIG” GOV’T (DEFINE) • REPUBLICANS: TRADITIONALLY BELIEVED IN LIMITED, OR “SMALL” GOV’T. • NIXON: • WANTED TO REDUCE THE “SIZE” OF GOV’T. • ALSO WANTED TO HELP IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DAILY LIFE • HOW? • NEW FEDERALISM (DEFINE / EFFECT) • Ex: REVENUE SHARING (DEFINE / EFFECT) • WELFARE REFORM (DEFINE) • Ex: FAMILY ASSISTANCE PLAN (FAP) (DEFINE) • PROBLEM: FAP FAILS TO PASS CONGRESS • OTHER PROBLEMS: U.S. GOV’T. DIVIDED BY POLITICAL PARTIES • EXECUTIVE: REPUBLICAN • CONGRESS: DEMOCRAT • SO WHAT?

  7. POSITIVE CHANGES • NIXON’S EFFORTS TO IMPROVE DAILY LIFE FOR AMERICANS DID HAVE SOME SUCCESSES: • SOCIAL SECURITY INCREASED • MEDICARE / MEDICAID PAYMENTS MORE EASILY AVAILABLE • FOOD STAMPS MADE MORE ACCESSIBLE • SUBSIDIZED HOUSING FOR MIDDLE & LOWER INCOME FAMILIES • U.S. JOB CORPS PROGRAMS EXPANDED

  8. VIETNAMIZATION • DEFINE • WHY? • HOW? • BEGIN PEACE TALKS W/ NORTH VIETNAMESE (PARIS) • GRADUAL TROOP REDUCTIONS & WITHDRAWALS FROM V-NAM • LEAVE U.S. MILITARY ADVISORS TO HELP TRANSITION • CONTINUE U.S. SUPPLIES TO ARVN & S. V-NAM • WHEN? 1968-72 • RESULT? 1973: LAST U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE V-NAM

  9. REALPOLITIK • DEFINE: • DEALING W/OTHER NATIONS IN A PRACTICAL & FELXIBLE WAY • MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR: • HOW POWERFUL WAS/IS A NATION? • IF WEAK, IGNORE IT. • IF POWERFUL, CONFRONT IT • CONFRONTATION COULD MEAN NEGOTIATION AND/OR MILITARY ENGAGEMENT • EX.: • COMMUNIST CHINA EXISTS, SO RECOGNIZE THEM AND NEGOTIATE WITH THEM • USSR WAS A WORLD NUCLEAR POWER, SO NEGOTIATE W/THEM • WHO? HENRY KISSINGER, NIXON’S N.S.A. • RESULT? DÉTENTE • DEFINE: POLICY AIMED AT EASING COLD WAR TENSIONS

  10. NIXON & HENRY KISSINGER

  11. RELATIONS WITH THE COMMUNIST WORLD • NIXON VIEWED USSR AS THE GREATER THREAT TO THE U.S. THAN RED CHINA • NIXON WANTED TO CREATE A SPLIT IN THE COMMUNIST WORLD • HOW? • VIETNAMIZATION • IMPROVE RELATIONS W/RED CHINA • WHY? • IF HE COULD IMPROVE U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS, IT WOULD CONCERN USSR • AND…FORCE THEM TO SIGN AMRS TREATIES W/THE U.S. • DID WHAT? • 1972: • NIXON VISITS CHINA • U.S. FORMALLY RECOGNIZES COMMUNIST CHINESE GOV’T. • NIXON VISITS USSR • S.A.L.T. I TREATY SIGNED • SO WHAT? • NIXON HAS WIDENED SPLIT BETWEEN USSR & CHINA • DOMINO THEORY IS OVER • CONTAINMENT POLICY IS DONE

  12. NIXON VISITS CHINA, 1972

  13. NIXON & MAO ZEDONG

  14. OTHER FOREIGN AFFAIRS • OIL DEPENDENCY: • LATE 60’s / EARLY 70’s: U.S. RELIES HEAVILY ON IMPORTED OIL FOR ENERGY NEEDS • WHERE? MIDDLE EAST • WHO? O.P.E.C. NATIONS • EXAMPLES? • SAUDI ARABIA • IRAN • IRAQ • PROBLEM: 1973, YOM KIPPUR WAR • WHO? ISRAEL v. EGYPT / SYRIA • WHAT HAPPENS? • U.S. SENDS AID TO ISRAEL • ISRAEL WINS • OPEC NATIONS FURIOUS W/ U.S. • OIL EMBARGO BEGINS ; OIL SHORTAGES ACROSS U.S. • U.S. HAS TO CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES MORE SERIOUSLY

  15. ISRAEL & THE MIDDLE EAST, 1973

  16. THE YOM KIPPUR WAR, 1973

  17. Egyptian Troop Crossing, Suez Canal

  18. Israeli Tank Convoy, Golan Heights

  19. Golan Heights, 1973

  20. Generals Ariel Sharon & Moshe Dayan

  21. O.P.E.C. NATIONS

  22. NIXON’S POLITICAL STYLE • NIXON: • VERY CONSERVATIVE • BELIEVED IN “LAW AND ORDER” POLITICS • COMMITTED TO ENDING SOCIAL DISRUPTION OF THE LATE 60’s • HOW? • USED FULL RESOURCES OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH • SOMETIMES THIS WAS DONE ILLEGALLY • EXAMPLES? • WIRETAPPING LEFT-WING PEOPLE / GROUPS • USED GOV’T. INFORMERS / “MOLES” INSIDE LEFT-WING ORGANIZATIONS • CIA CREATES FILES ON GOV’T. OPPONENTS • ADMINISTRATION CREATES “ENEMIES LIST” • “ANYONE WHO OPPOSES US, WE’LL DESTROY” -Nixon White House Aid • PROBLEM?

  23. 1972: RE-ELECTION CAMPAIGN • SOUTHERNERS UNHAPPY WITH DEMOCRATIC PARTY • WHY? GROWING LIBERALISM W/IN PARTY • NIXON WANTS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS • BEGINS “SOUTHERN STRATEGY” • DEFINE: • ATTEMPT TO SLOW NATION’S DESEGREGATION EFFORTS • EX.: • ORDERED DELAYED SCHOOL INTEGRATION IN MS., SC. • OPPOSED EXTENSION OF VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF ’65 • OPPOSED SUPREME COURT DECISION IN SWANN V. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BD. OF EDUCATION • WHY? OPPOSED SCHOOL BUSING • SUPREME COURT: NIXON MAKES IT MORE CONSERVATIVE • HOW? APPOINTS CONSERVATIVE JUDGES • EXAMPLES? • WARREN BURGER, CHIEF JUSTICE • WILLIAM REHNQUIST

More Related