1 / 34

Classification Systems

Classification Systems. Taxonomy – branch of biology that deals with classifying and naming living things Aristotle – Ancient Greek Philosopher 1. Lived 2,000 years ago 2. Grouped plants & animals by structural similarities only.

aizza
Télécharger la présentation

Classification Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification Systems

  2. Taxonomy – branch of biology that deals with classifying and naming living things • Aristotle – Ancient Greek Philosopher 1. Lived 2,000 years ago 2. Grouped plants & animals by structural similarities only

  3. Carolus Linnaeus – founder of modern taxonomy (mid 1750’s) 1. Created the taxonomic categories that go from general to very specific: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

  4. How can you remember? K ing P hillip C ame O ver F or G ood S paghetti

  5. General Isolated to a Specific organism specific

  6. Taxonomic categories of a plant (Uses “division” instead of phylum)

  7. Five Kingdom system Linnaeus developed a 5 Kingdom system. He and other scientists recognized that organisms varied greatly ( not just Plant or Animal)

  8. What are the five Kingdoms of living things in order of simple to complex?

  9. Monera Bacteria and blue-green algae all prokaryotic (no nucleus)

  10. Protista Protizoans, mostly microscopic mostly unicellular, some multicellular all eukaryotic (complex cells)

  11. Fungi Mostly multicellular, absorb nutrients Fungus, mold, mushrooms, yeast.

  12. Plantae plants, photosynthetic, cells with a wall of cellulose

  13. Animalia Animals as simple as a sponge, multicelluar, complex life cycles, tissue layers

  14. Some scientists recently divided the Monera Kingdom into two Kingdoms: Eubacteria (complex, recent) Archiobacteria (ancient, few today)

  15. Naming organisms • Nomenclature – system for naming things • Binomial nomenclature – 2 word naming system to create scientific names

  16. Scientific names are written in a specific way: 1. Genus species 2. genus = noun species = adjective -describes noun 3. The first letter of the genus name is always capitalized and the species name is written in all lowercase 4. The entire scientific name is always underlined or italicized

  17. 5. Felis domesticus – means domesticated, or house, cat 6. Latin is the universal language for science – used in all countries around the world 7. Scientific names are better to use than common names because common names change in each region

  18. 8. Armadillidium vulgare – can also be known as pill bug, sow bug, roly poly bug, potato bug, etc…

  19. Examples Common name: Domestic dog Scientific name: Canis domesticus

  20. Common name: Timber Wolf Scientific name: Canis lupus

  21. Classifcation of Modern Humans Homo sapiens Kingdom – Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class – Mammalia Order – Primates Family – Hominidae Genus – Homo Species - sapiens

  22. III. Taxonomists use specific information to help them classify organisms. A. Structural information – physical structure and anatomy

  23. B. Biochemical – DNA, RNA, and protein information (genetics)

  24. C. Cytological – similarities in cell structure

  25. D. Embryological – patterns of embryo development

  26. Behavioral – how each different species acts 1. Example: crickets can be distinguished by their mating calls ex. Cricket chirp rate indicates temperature

  27. F. Fossil – preserved evidence provides relationships between extinct and modern species.

  28. Classification practice (pictures or shapes) • Spread out all items so you can see all • Choose a “Kingdom” for them. • Choose at least 2 Phyla • Subdivide the phyla in to classes • Subdivide classes into orders…. Go as far as you can.

  29. IV Theory of evolution • New species arise, or evolve, over long periods of time from pre-existing species 1. Phylogeny – evolutionary history of a species 2. Phylogenetic trees – show relationships between organisms, help classify new organisms

  30. Biological Key Tools to help identify organisms A type of key used that has pairs of opposing statements going form general to specific is called a Dichotomous Key.

  31. 6a Leg is curled , two feet Ru-ela.Brella 6b Leg is straight, one foot Giggles7a Three legs 107b Four legs 118a Has webbed feet Hex Oculate 8b Clawed feet 129a Curly hair, no toes Lugio Wirum9b Wiggly looking mouth, three toes on feet C. Nile10a Very long nose, open mouth Elle E. Funk10b Some other appearance 1311a Has duck bill, two pinchers Tri D. Duckt11b No arms or pinchers 1412a Has ears, tail, and beak Grif Leon12b Four eyes on stalks Eggur Ondy 13a One eye, webbed feet Cue Kide13b Four stalked eyes, four pinchers Quadrumenox14a Three toed feet, nose like a flower Tunia petalos14b Spider-like, has spots Patterned mulywumpus

More Related