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Organic Halides

Organic Halides. By Colby and Brandon. The general structure. Organic halides are organic compounds in which 1 or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. . H. H. H. H. H. H. 2-bromobutane. H. H. H. 1-bromochlorobutane.

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Organic Halides

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  1. Organic Halides By Colby and Brandon

  2. The general structure • Organic halides are organic compounds in which 1 or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. H H H H H H 2-bromobutane H H H 1-bromochlorobutane http://www.angelfire.com/bc2/OrgChem/halides.html

  3. Naming organic halides • Name the parent chain first (the longest chain). • Then name the attachments with the correct lowest possible number. • When naming the halogen attachments use the prefix with the ending “o” (chloro, bromo, flouro, and iodo). • When naming, the prefix must be written in alphabetical order. 1-bromochlorobutane

  4. Drawing organic halides • Draw the parent chain first (butane). • Then draw the attachments in the correct places (2-bromo). H H H H H H H H H http://www.angelfire.com/bc2/OrgChem/halides.html

  5. Reaction types • Addition • Substitution • Elimination

  6. Addition reaction • Addition reactions occur by breaking a double or triple bond and adding in halogens. Ethene Chlorine 1,2-dichloroethane http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chlorine_and_etene_addition.png

  7. Substiution reaction • Substation reactions occur when the breaking of a carbon-hydrogen bond in an alkane and replacing the hydrogen atom with another atom or group of atoms and leaving a hydrogen-halogen bond. heat Methane + chlorine -> 1-chloromethane + Hydrochloride http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_reaction

  8. Elimination reaction • An ion comes in contact with an alkyl halide to produce an alkene by removing a halide ion and a hydrogen or 2 halide ions or more. http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://content.tutorvista.com/chemistry_11/content/us/class11chemistry/chapter17/images/img78.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.tutorvista.com/topic/haloalkanes-reaction&usg=__wTMhephcLZWoCBW-ajeT0Afn5UU=&h=146&w=446&sz=3&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=H387qDybz_PWvM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=221&prev=/images%3Fq%3Delimination%2Breaction%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D591%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=798&vpy=324&dur=22493&hovh=116&hovw=356&tx=39&ty=137&ei=uBCZTLPcBsT38AaZ5eUC&oei=uBCZTLPcBsT38AaZ5eUC&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:0

  9. Everyday Uses DDT • Teflon: non-stick coatings lab and cookware • DDT: insecticide (pentachlorophenol) • CFC`s: coolant for air conditioners • Freon: coolant used in refrigerators • PCB`s: liquid for electrical transformers http://www.benbest.com/cryonics/s21cm99.html http://www.vialattea.net/esperti/php/risposta_printable.php?num=10742

  10. More everyday uses • Agent orange (insecticide) • Fire extinguishers (tetrachloromethane) • PVC plastics (used in building materials) (chloroethene)

  11. References • http://www.cdli.ca/courses/chem2202/unit03_org03_ilo01/b_activity.html • Jenkins, Frank, et al. Chemistry. Scarborough Ontario: Nelson Canada, 1996. • http://www.angelfire.com/bc2/OrgChem/halides.html • http://www.canadaconnects.ca/chemistry/10093/

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