1. Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration. --Thomas Edison (1847 - 1931)

2. I. What can workers do? • Strike • Riot • Slow downs • Industrial sabotage • Protest

3. Collective Bargaining • Union members represent the workers and negotiate with management

4. DEC 6 , 2012R.A.W. Why didn’t the government do anything to help workers? AIM: 36 How did Unions fight back?

5. Early Unions: pg, 604-605 • Knights of Labor • AFL • ILGWU Founder? Who was allowed in? How big did it get? What did they want? Why were they formed?

9. DEC 6 , 2012R.A.W. What was the main difference between the Knights of Labor and the AFL? Why was the ILGWU formed? AIM: 37 What was the result of most early strikes?

10. “An injury to one is a concern for all.” --Terrence V. Powderly

11. “Show me a country in which there are no strikes and I will show you a country in which there is no liberty.” --S. Gompers

15. STRIKE! • Pg. 605-606 • RR Strike. • Haymarket Riot • Homestead Strike • Pullman Strike • Why? • Union response • Company response • Government Action • Public Feeling

18. Cotton Mill

22. I. Laissez-Faire • The belief that the government should not become involved in the affairs of business. • Government has no role in helping working people. • Hands Off!

23. II. The Rise of Labor Unions • Employers held too much power over the lives of their workers • Could lower wages and fire them at will

24. Injunction: Court order forcing striking workers back to work. • In ALL disputes between workers and owners before 1900 the government will always side with the owners!!!

25. URBAN = City

26. NYC, 1900

27. RURAL = Country

28. America prior to the shift towards Business & Industry 1600s-Civil War

29. I. What conditions were workers facing? • Long hours • Low wages • Unsafe conditions • No benefits • Immigrant prejudice

30. I. Owners Fight Back • Strikebreakers(Scabs): Workers hired to replace striking workers. • Lockouts: Lock workers out of factory until union is broken. • Yellow Dog Contract: Workers sign a contract promising not to join a union.

31. I.Haymarket Square Riot - May 4, 1886 • Chicago police advance on protestors (Knights of Labor) • A dynamite bomb was thrown into the crowd killing several dozen including cops • Knights of Labor were considered too violent and anarchists

32. II. Impact of the American Union • Between 1881-1900 there were 23,000 strikes involving 6,610,000 workers • $450 million dollars lost by workers & employers • 1894 Congress passed Labor Day as a national holiday • Most Industrial Owners came to fear costly work stoppages

33. III. Results of Labor Unions • Shorter Hours: 8-10 • More pay (Minimum wage.) • Safer conditions(Building codes, fire laws.) • Restriction of child labor. • Respect for working people.

34. I. Labor Unions • The Knights of Labor: 1869. • Founded by Terence V. Powderly. • Included all workers. Skilled/unskilled. • Membership of 700,000 by 1886.

35. The American Federation ofLabor(AFL): 1881 • Founded by Samuel Gompers. • Only Skilled workers allowed. • Shorter hours, higher wages, better conditions. • 1.6 million members by 1904.

36. International ladies Garment Workers Union(ILGWU): 1911 • Founded by Mary Harris Jones. • Safer working conditions. • Formed after Triangle Shirtwaist Fire.

37. “there are no limits to which powers of privilege will not go to keep the workers in slavery.” • Mary Harris (Mother) Jones

38. I. Laissez-Faire • The belief that the government should not become involved in the affairs of business. • Government has no role in helping working people. • Hands Off!

39. More !!

43. I. Labor Unions • The Knights of Labor: 1869. • Founded by Terence V. Powderly. • Included all workers. Skilled/unskilled. • Membership of 700,000 by 1886.

44. The American Federation ofLabor(AFL): 1881 • Founded by Samuel Gompers. • Only Skilled workers allowed. • Shorter hours, higher wages, better conditions. • 1.6 million members by 1904.

45. International ladies Garment Workers Union(ILGWU): 1911 • Founded by Mary Harris Jones. • Safer working conditions. • Formed after Triangle Shirtwaist Fire.

46. Strike: Deliberate work stoppage. • Boycott: Refusing to buy the products of a company. • Picket Line: Staged protest in front of a business.

47. Industrial Sabotage: Destruction of company machines. • Publicity: Public criticism of a company. Newspapers. • LABOR UNIONS

48. What do you want from management? • Lets Play!!!!

49. VII. Impact of the American Union • Between 1881-1900 there were 23,000 strikes involving 6,610,000 workers • $450 million dollars lost by workers & employers • Under 50% of the disputes won by the unions • 1894 Congress passed Labor Day as a national holiday • Most Industrial Owners came to fear costly work stoppages

50. 2 All Star Questions!!!!!