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Understanding Population Genetics and Allele Frequencies: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and Genetic Drift

Explore population genetics concepts like dominant and recessive alleles, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, genetic drift, and predicting variation. Learn the importance of heterozygosity and how to analyze allele frequencies through lab activities. Discover how populations evolve over time.

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Understanding Population Genetics and Allele Frequencies: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and Genetic Drift

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  1. Population GeneticsCh. 23 and Beyond; Lab/Lecture Same

  2. In the language of population genetics, p = % DOMINANT ALLELESq = % RECESSIVE ALLELES

  3. In the language of population genetics, p = % DOMINANT ALLELESq = % RECESSIVE ALLELES

  4. Class brainstorming - what might cause a shift in allele frequencies (% A/a or p/q)?

  5. Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…

  6. Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…

  7. Genetic Drift: allele % fluctuations due to TOO SMALL SAMPLE - BOTTLENECK

  8. Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…

  9. Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…

  10. Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…

  11. Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…

  12. Predicting and Detecting Variation

  13. For dom/rec traits, which is only genotype you know for certain based on phenotype?

  14. HW developed a useful predictive equation: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

  15. Let’s say you want to predict the # carriers of a new recessive disease allele.

  16. Let’s say you want to predict the # carriers of a new recessive disease allele.

  17. Let’s say you want to predict the # carriers of a new recessive disease allele.

  18. Let’s say you want to predict the # carriers of a new recessive disease allele.

  19. Check Work! Does p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1?What does this data mean???Lab: Aside from disease/carrier status, why is knowing heterozygosity important?

  20. Many alleles display polymorphisms detectable at DNA OR PROTEIN LEVEL

  21. Now consider sickle cell polymorphism…

  22. Prokaryotes make protective nucleases called RESTRICTION ENZYMES (20.1-2)

  23. e.g. DdeI cuts CTTAG -distinguishes hemoglobin alleles (Fig. 20.9)

  24. In lab, you will explore protein gels of enzyme complexes to predict genotypes.

  25. Consider that some enzymes are made of single proteins - MONOMERS

  26. Others are made of multiple proteins - e.g. DIMERS, 2 FOLDED CHAINS

  27. Population Genetics and Evolution

  28. Do any populations meet HW conditions?RARELY AND NOT FOR LONG

  29. Evolution: CHANGES in the genetic makeup of a population OVER TIME

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