Roots of Democracy

1. Roots of Democracy World History Castro

2. Island Reflection Questions • If this were a true experience, what parts of this activity do you think would be needed (rules, laws, rights, etc…)? Why? • Based on your above answer, why do you think all nations/peoples develop some type of government?

3. Island Questions • Give an example during the activity when a majority of the class agreed upon a decision. • What are some advantages and disadvantages to everybody having a say in the decision? • Give an example during the activity when one person made decisions, or tried to make decisions, for the entire class. • What are some advantages and disadvantages to one person making decisions?

4. Two Categories of Government • Democracy – Government by the people / Decisions made by the people • Autocracy - Government by one person (King / Queen / Emperor / Pharaoh)

5. Decision MakingAutocratic or Democratic? • Teacher decides there will be a test on Friday • Group of Friends decide on which movie to go to by discussing three possible movies and voting on which one they want to see. • Fast food Manager decides to give workers a dollar per hour raise

6. Autocratic or Democratic? • Parents listen to daughter complain about staying out late and decide to let child stay out 1 hour later. • Parents allow all 3 children to choose (vote) what vacation to go on. • Mayor, elected by citizens, decides to build a new city hall • Citizens voted in favor of a city tax measure to increase funding to schools

7. Autocratic Advantages • Efficient • Order • Changes can Happen Quickly

8. Autocratic Disadvantages • Needs a Strong Leader • Decisions may not be interest of everyone • Too much power leads to corruption

9. Democratic Advantages • Everyone has a say • Corruption more difficult • Power too diffuse

10. Democratic Disadvantages • Messy, takes time • Sometimes hard to make difficult decisions • Need an Educated Citizenry

11. Autocratic forms of Government • Theocracy • Monarchy • Tyranny • Oligarchy • Aristocracy

12. Democratic forms of Government • Direct Democracy • Republic • Parliamentary System • Constitutional Monarchy

13. Anarchy • Total Lack of Government (State of Nature) • No Rules, No Leaders

14. Democracy • Rule by the masses/people • No Leader All Decisions made by the community • Created in ancient Athens • True Democracies only work in small groups

15. Republic • Rule by People’s Representative • Created in Ancient Rome • Senator = Representative

16. Theocracy • Rule by Religion • Leader: The Priest or Main Religious Figure • Examples: Ancient Egypt, Modern Iran, Vatican City

17. ???????? • What would be some problems with having government based on a single religion?

18. Monarchy • Rule by a single leader, typically claims Divine Right

19. Oligarchy • Rule by a few individuals

20. Aristocracy • Rule by the Wealthy

21. Athenian Democracy(Solon, Cliesthenese, and Pericles)

22. Athenian Democracy(Solon, Cleisthenese, and Pericles)

23. Solon • Outlawed Slavery • 4 Classes based on Wealth not Heredity • Only 3 Higher classes were able to hold public office • Fairer code of laws • Despite reforms Athens continued to be an autocracy

24. Cleisthenese • Reorganized Assembly • Allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage • Created Council of 400 • Advised Assembly • Seen as Founder of Greek Democracy

25. Pericles • Led Athens in Golden Age 461-429 B.C • Established Direct Democracy • Increased number of public officials • Poorer citizens were able to participate

26. Greek Philosophy • Greek Thinkers Assumptions • 1.Universe is orderly • 2.People can understand order of universe • Respect for Human Intelligence and Reason allowed Democracy to flourish

27. Aristotle vs. Plato

28. Plato • “The Republic” • Rule of Philosopher Kings • Democracy = Rule of the Appetites • Aristocracy= Rule of the Rich

29. Aristotle • “Politics” • Man is by nature political • Legitimate Government- common good • Tyranny?, Democracy? • Constitutional Government

30. Roman Republic • Roman Society was made of Plebians and Patricians • Rome’s Republic • Senate • 2 Consuls • Assembly • Dictator

31. Roman Law Twelve Tables step toward fair government Complied into “Justinian Code” “government of laws not men”

32. Judaism Hebrew’s Monotheism -Created in God’s image, live moral lives - “Divine Spark” - God Given Rights, Freedom - 10 Commandments - Ethical vs. Legal Code

33. Christianity Jesus of Nazareth - emphasized morality equality and compassion - spread of Judeo-Christian ideas through Roman Empire

34. Renaissance • Renewed interest in Classical Culture • Humanism • Italian vs. Northern Renaissance • Spread of Ideas through Printing Press

35. Leonardo Da Vinci

36. Leonardo Da Vinci

37. Leonardo Da Vinci

38. Raphael Sanzio

39. Francesco Petrarch

40. Giovanni Boccaccio

41. Niccolo Machiavelli

42. Albrecht Durer

43. Jan Van Eyck

44. Pieter Bruegel

45. Desiderius Erasmus

46. Thomas More

47. William Shakespeare

48. Reformation • Martin Luther’s 95 Theses • Individuality and freedom from Church • England’s Protestant Revolution • Calvinism • Catholic Reformation

49. England’s Medieval Democratic Developments • Henry II • Jury System • Common law • King John • Magna Carta (Great Charter) • Contract between King and Nobles • Governance according to law • Due Process of Law • Consent of Governed (Parliament)

50. England’s Civil War • King James I and Divine Right • Charles I and the Petition of Right • 1642- Charles tries to Arrest Parliament • 1642-1649 English Civil War • Royalists/Cavaliers vs. Roundheads • 1649 Roundhead victory under Oliver Cromwell’s Leadership • 1649 Charles I Beheaded