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Roots of Democracy

Roots of Democracy. World History Belcastro. Two Categories of Government. Democracy – Government by the people / Decisions made by the people Autocracy - Government by one person (King / Queen / Emperor / Pharaoh). Decision Making Autocratic or Democratic?.

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Roots of Democracy

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  1. Roots of Democracy World History Belcastro

  2. Two Categories of Government • Democracy – Government by the people / Decisions made by the people • Autocracy - Government by one person (King / Queen / Emperor / Pharaoh)

  3. Decision MakingAutocratic or Democratic? • Teacher decides there will be a test on Friday • Group of Friends decide on which movie to go to by discussing three possible movies and voting on which one they want to see. • Fast food Manager decides to give workers a dollar per hour raise

  4. Autocratic or Democratic? • Parents listen to daughter complain about staying out late and decide to let child stay out 1 hour later. • Parents allow all 3 children to choose (vote) what vacation to go on. • Mayor, elected by citizens, decides to build a new city hall • Citizens voted in favor of a city tax measure to increase funding to schools

  5. Autocratic Advantages • Efficient • Order • Changes can Happen Quickly

  6. Autocratic Disadvantages • Needs a Strong Leader • Decisions may not be interest of everyone • Too much power leads to corruption

  7. Democratic Advantages • Everyone has a say • Corruption more difficult • Power too diffuse

  8. Democratic Disadvantages • Messy, takes time • Sometimes hard to make difficult decisions • Need an Educated Citizenry

  9. Autocratic forms of Government • Theocracy • Monarchy • Tyranny • Oligarchy • Aristocracy

  10. Democratic forms of Government • Direct Democracy • Republic • Parliamentary System • Constitutional Monarchy

  11. Anarchy • Total Lack of Government (State of Nature) • No Rules, No Leaders

  12. Democracy • Rule by the masses/people • No Leader All Decisions made by the community • Created in ancient Athens • True Democracies only work in small groups

  13. Republic • Rule by People’s Representative • Created in Ancient Rome • Senator = Representative

  14. Theocracy • Rule by Religion • Leader: The Priest or Main Religious Figure • Examples: Ancient Egypt, Modern Iran, Vatican City

  15. ???????? • What would be some problems with having government based on a single religion?

  16. Monarchy • Rule by a single leader, typically claims Divine Right

  17. Oligarchy • Rule by a few individuals

  18. Aristocracy • Rule by the Wealthy

  19. Athenian Democracy(Solon, Cliesthenese, and Pericles)

  20. Athenian Democracy(Solon, Cleisthenese, and Pericles)

  21. Solon • Outlawed Slavery • 4 Classes based on Wealth not Heredity • Only 3 Higher classes were able to hold public office • Fairer code of laws • Despite reforms Athens continued to be an autocracy

  22. Cleisthenese • Reorganized Assembly • Allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage • Created Council of 400 • Advised Assembly • Seen as Founder of Greek Democracy

  23. Pericles • Led Athens in Golden Age 461-429 B.C • Established Direct Democracy • Increased number of public officials • Poorer citizens were able to participate

  24. Greek Philosophy • Greek Thinkers Assumptions • 1.Universe is orderly • 2.People can understand order of universe • Respect for Human Intelligence and Reason allowed Democracy to flourish

  25. Aristotle vs. Plato

  26. Plato • “The Republic” • Rule of Philosopher Kings • Democracy = Rule of the Appetites • Aristocracy= Rule of the Rich

  27. Aristotle • “Politics” • Man is by nature political • Legitimate Government- common good • Tyranny?, Democracy? • Constitutional Government

  28. Roman Republic • Roman Society was made of Plebians and Patricians • Rome’s Republic • Senate • 2 Consuls • Assembly • Dictator

  29. Roman Law Twelve Tables step toward fair government Complied into “Justinian Code” “government of laws not men”

  30. Judaism Hebrew’s Monotheism -Created in God’s image, live moral lives - “Divine Spark” - God Given Rights, Freedom - 10 Commandments - Ethical vs. Legal Code

  31. Christianity Jesus of Nazareth - emphasized morality equality and compassion - spread of Judeo-Christian ideas through Roman Empire

  32. Renaissance • Renewed interest in Classical Culture • Humanism • Italian vs. Northern Renaissance • Spread of Ideas through Printing Press

  33. Leonardo Da Vinci

  34. Leonardo Da Vinci

  35. Leonardo Da Vinci

  36. Raphael Sanzio

  37. Francesco Petrarch

  38. Giovanni Boccaccio

  39. Niccolo Machiavelli

  40. Albrecht Durer

  41. Jan Van Eyck

  42. Pieter Bruegel

  43. Desiderius Erasmus

  44. Thomas More

  45. William Shakespeare

  46. Reformation • Martin Luther’s 95 Theses • Individuality and freedom from Church • England’s Protestant Revolution • Calvinism • Catholic Reformation

  47. England’s Medieval Democratic Developments • Henry II • Jury System • Common law • King John • Magna Carta (Great Charter) • Contract between King and Nobles • Governance according to law • Due Process of Law • Consent of Governed (Parliament)

  48. England’s Civil War • King James I and Divine Right • Charles I and the Petition of Right • 1642- Charles tries to Arrest Parliament • 1642-1649 English Civil War • Royalists/Cavaliers vs. Roundheads • 1649 Roundhead victory under Oliver Cromwell’s Leadership • 1649 Charles I Beheaded

  49. England’s Glorious Revolution • Cromwell first establishes a commonwealth • Cromwell tears up constitution and becomes Lord Protectorate • Puritan Morality • Restoration of the Monarchy = Charles II • Habeas Corpus • Rule of James II • William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution • Bill of Rights, Cabinet System

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