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CHORDATES: FISHES (JAWLESS, BONY AND CARTILAGINOUS CREATURES)

CHORDATES: FISHES (JAWLESS, BONY AND CARTILAGINOUS CREATURES). Barbara Leary and Amy Vallis AP Biology Ms. Bergman April 8, 2011. BODY STRUCTURE AND COVERING. BONY FISH ( Teleosts ) Scales are flatter covered by thins layers of skin and mucus making them slippery

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CHORDATES: FISHES (JAWLESS, BONY AND CARTILAGINOUS CREATURES)

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  1. CHORDATES:FISHES(JAWLESS, BONY AND CARTILAGINOUS CREATURES) Barbara Leary and Amy Vallis AP Biology Ms. Bergman April 8, 2011

  2. BODY STRUCTURE AND COVERING • BONY FISH (Teleosts) • Scales are flatter covered by thins layers of skin and mucus making them slippery • -Body cavity with air filled bladder (used to float) beneath spinal column • JAWLESS FISH • -covered in skin, not epidermal or dermal cells CARTILAGINOUS FISH (Elasmobranchs) -No ossified bone -No swim bladder (must be in constant motion) -Scales project through the skin and are rough Fins maintain the stability and maintain the direction of the fish.

  3. JAWLESS FISH: Lampetrafluviatilis CARTILAGINOUS FISH BONY FISH

  4. GAS EXCHANGE • Gills found in other creatures besides fish such as: • Mollusks • , annelids, • crustaceans, • echinoderms, • vertebrates. • Gills must be very efficient to meet the respiratory demands of aquatic animals. • Fish gills, for example, can extract more than 80% of the oxygen dissolved in water.

  5. GAS EXCHANGE CON’T Fish gills are made of numerous suspended curtains of tissue, called filaments, that increase their respiratory surface area. Gill tissue is permeated with many small water-bearing channels surrounded by capillaries. Because the water channels and capillaries are so close to one another, O2 and CO2 readily diffuse between the blood and water.

  6. FISH HEARTS • Simplest vertebrate hearts (single-circuit circulation): • Two main chamber:s • Thin walled atrium • Muscular ventricle • Process: Atrium pumps blood into the ventricle which pumps blood into the copus which pumps the blood to the gills to oxygenize it and return it to the atrium.

  7. MODE OF FERTILIZATION Fish can use both internal and external fertilization, but external is more common. 97% of fish a oviparous (developing outside the mother’s body with no nourishment), while the rest are the opposite—viviarous. EXTERNAL Spawning occurs-release of egg and sperm in aquatic animals -Female fish grow thousands of unfertilized eggs inside their body for several weeks to increase chance of fertilization. -Once produced, they are then laid in a safe place for male fish to fertilize them with their semen. -This allows conception to take place, and immediately the fish eggs start to become fish. INTERNAL -Modified fin- gonopodium- used to insert itself in the sex opening of the female and sperm is preserved in the oviduct to be used when they please

  8. INTERNAL TEMP. REGULATION • Most fish are ectotherms (cold blooded), as all of their heat comes from the surrounding water. However, some are homeotherms (warm-blooded) because their temperature is very stable. • This can be due to their location, type of water, how they breed, etc.. Cold-blooded Warm-blooded

  9. EXTERNAL Fish during spawning season (Salmon especially) INTERNAL Male gonopodium compared to regular female fins

  10. The most common reproductive strategy for fish is known as oviparity, in which the female lays undeveloped eggs that are externally fertilized by a male. and the eggs are then left to develop without parental care.  MODE OF DEVELOPMENT • A few fish, notably the rays and most sharks use ovoviviparity in which the eggs are fertilized and develop internally. However the larvae still grow inside the egg consuming the egg's yolk and without any direct nourishment from the mother. • In certain rare scenarios, some fish such as certain sharks, with the egg being fertilized and developed internally, but with the mother also providing direct nourishment.

  11. SUBGROUPS JAWLESS -Hagfish (slime eels) -Lamprey Eels CARTILAGINOUS -Sharks -Rays and Skates BONY -Lobe-finned -Ray-finned

  12. Works Cited http://www.texaseducator.com/family/jbouyer/lessons/Science/askew/mycourses/fisheart.gif http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/F/fish_heart.gif http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRpF3gq4eNZv-nIK-cafkKHy7wytdqXSVCiHp0zAqlfZE7Ljr_O2w&t=1 http://www.arthursclipart.org/biologya/biology/fish%20spawning.gif http://blogs.kcls.org/librarytalk/sockeye-salmon.jpg http://aqualandpetsplus.com/Livebe6.jpg http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/food-kitchen/food/cartilaginous-fishes.jpg http://images.quickblogcast.com/55522-48672/bony_fish.jpg http://faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/animals&plantsbook/Animals/10-Vertebrates.htm http://www.instablogsimages.com/images/2007/09/05/sea-lamprey-makes-return-to-river-tamar_9.jpg http://www.animalport.com/img/Shortfin-Mako-Shark.jpg http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_fish/Rajiformes/v04_id149_con_ventral.jpg/medium.jpg http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTowxa0CbkD1sTpVaid7nuwW69y4Hair_AL1URJDojXUd41zLjfYA http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/Grzimek_fish/structure_function/fin_function_diversity.jpg/medium.jpg

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