1. Phylum Chordata

2. Phylum Chordata

3. Phylum Chordata • Notochord – become vertebrae in more advanced chordates • Gill slits or pharyngeal pouches • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Segmented muscles

4. Chordate Subphyla Phylum. Chordata Subphylum. Urochordata Subphylum. Cephalochordata Subphylum. Vertebrata

5. Subphylum Urochordata • Sea squirts • Notochord • Only in larva • Adult has tunic

6. Urochordates Mouth Atrium Pharyngeal gill slits Stomach

8. Subphylum Cephalochordata • Amphioxus • Notochord length of body • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Gill slits • Segmented muscles

10. Subphylum Vertebrata • Vertebrae replace notochord during embryonic development

11. Fig. 48.8

12. Superclass Agnatha • No jaws • No paired appendages • Notochord as adult

13. Ostracoderms • Earliest vertebrate • Paleozoic era • Filter feeders

14. Hagfish and Lamprey

15. Parasites

16. Superclass Gnathostomata • Jaws • Paired appendages

17. Fig. 48.13

18. Class Condrichthyes • Cartilage skeleton • Notochord • No opercula • No swim bladder

19. Class Osteichthyes • Boney skeleton • Swim bladder • Opercula

20. Fig. 48.16

21. Subclass Actinopterygii • Rays in fins

23. Adipose Fin Dorsal Fin Pelvic Fin Caudal Fin Pectoral Fin Anal Fin Salmon

24. Subclass Dipneusti • Breathe air when lake or river dries up

25. Subclass Crossopterygii* • Coelacanth • Lobed fins • muscles *Class Sarcopterygii Order Crossopterygii

27. Class Amphibia • Land and water • Skin with mucoid secretions • Respiration • No scales, feathers or hair • Heart with 3 chambers • 2 atria • 1 ventricle • One cervical vertebra • Ectothermic

28. Transitional Tetrapods Skull, teeth, limbs similar to lobe-finned fish Acanthostega Ichthyostega

30. Order Caudata (Urodela) • Salamanders • Long tail • Four legs

31. Order Anura • Frogs and toads • No tail in adult • Webbed feet

32. Order Apoda (Gymnophiona) • Caecilian • No legs

33. Class Reptilia • Scales • Amniotic egg • One occipital condyle • Ectothermic • Three chambered heart • Claws

34. Amniotic Egg

35. Reptile Skulls • Anapsid • No opening • Synapsid • One opening • Diapsid • Two openings • Euryapsid • One small opening

36. Anapsids • Turtles

37. Diapsids • Dinosaurs • Snakes • Lizards • Crocodilians • Birds

38. Euryapsid • Extinct • Ichythyosaurs

39. Synapsids • Pelycosaurs • Dimetrodon • Mammal like reptile

40. Order Testudines • No teeth in adult • Shell • Anapsid • No teeth

41. Turtle Shell Carapace Plastron

43. Lifespan 150 Years

44. Leatherback Sea Turtle • 6 feet long • 1,400 pounds

45. Order Squamata • Kinetic skull • Movable joints • Lizards • Snakes • Dinosaurs

46. Geckos • Small lizards • Adhesive toe pads

47. Texas Horned Lizard • Spines for protection • Eats ants • Endangered species

48. Gila Monster • Poisonous lizard • Not very aggressive

49. Green Iguana • Ornamental crest • Five feet long • Tropical rainforest • Mexico • South America • Omnivores

50. Chameleons • Arboreal • Africa and Madagascar • Catch insects with tongue