1. Phylum Chordata

2. SUBPHYLUMS Three Types #1 Urochordata (Tunicates and Seaquirts) • Considered as the invertebrate chordata • As an adult they have an reduced nervous system and loss notochord • No definite head • Filter feeders

3. #2 Cephalochordata (lancelets) • Also a invertebrate chordata-only 29 species • Filter feeders with cilia to carrier particles into their mouths #3 Vertebrata(vertebrates) • Roughly 43,000 species • Have vertebral column and a backbone that is the supporting axis holding up the body and protecting the spinal cord

4. Chordata Classes #1 Agnathans(Agnatha) –jawless vertebrates (lampreys and hagfish) #2Chondrichthyes-cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras) • Have teeth and small scales • Have separate gill openings #3Osteichthyes: Bony fish • Bony skeletons and jaws

5. #4 Amphibia(Amphibians): (Frogs, Toads, salamanders, and newts) • Live near or in fresh water • Four-legged except Order Apoda-legless • Life cycle: tadpole –adult and most undergo metamorphosis when changing into an adult

6. #5Reptila: Reptiles (turtles, tortoises, tuatara, snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, and caimans) • Evolved from primitive amphibians • Ones with legs, are usually stronger and larger than amphibians, enable many reptiles to carry their bodies off the ground • Lungs better developed than amphibians, and have larger rib muscles allowing for better lung ventilation • 4 chambered heart and most are cold blooded • Lay eggs that include both the shelled egg and the embryonic membrane –amnion (amphibians lack) • Internally fertilized

7. #6 Aves –Birds • 4 chambered heart but warm-blooded • Simple excretory system, highly developed brain, and respiratory system • Lack teeth, and the bones are hollow (light for flight) • All have feathers and many fly and lots of birds migrate • Internal fertilization • Lay eggs with calcium carbonate shells, after development they peck at the shell with an egg tooth that cracks the shell so the chicks become free

8. #7 Mammalia: Mammals • Evolved from an early group of reptiles • Warm-blooded and have a 4 chambered heart • Have hair and fur for insulation, also layers of fat or blubber under their skin –for warmth • Have a diaphragm, the muscle under the rib cage that reptiles do not have –improves breathing • Sweat glands help regulate the body temperature and rid body of wastes • Scent glands produce chemical substances that help mammals communicate with each other • Most have highly developed teeth

9. Mammalia continued • Specific skeletal features are unique, such as an enlarged cerebrum • Reproduce by internal fertilization • Only the Order Monotremes lay eggs, most give birth to young and nourish them by milk produced in mammary glands of the female

10. Orders of Class Mammalia #1 Monotremata: Montremes #2 Marsupalia: Marsupials #3 The Placental Mammals (several orders)