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The Renaissance: Recovery, Rebirth, and the Birth of the Modern World

The Renaissance, meaning "rebirth," marked the end of the Middle Ages and was characterized by a revival of antiquity in Northern Italy during the 14th and 15th centuries. This era saw increased wealth, urbanization, and the flourishing of secular pleasures. Key themes included the perfection of the individual, emphasis on human dignity and potential, and economic recovery through trade and banking, notably by the Medici family. The social structure was divided among clergy, nobility, and the common people, reflecting changing dynamics in marriage and family life.

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The Renaissance: Recovery, Rebirth, and the Birth of the Modern World

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  1. CHAPTER 12 RECOVERY AND REBIRTH: THE AGE OF THE RENAISSANCE

  2. MEANING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE • Renaissance = “rebirth” • Marks an end to the middle ages • Northern Italy 1. urban 2. increasing wealth 3. enjoyment of secular/material pleasures • Italy in 14th and 15th century -> the birthplace of the modern world 1. Revival of antiquity 2. “perfecting of the individual” 3. Secularism

  3. Leon Battista Alberti “MEN CAN DO ALL THINGS IF THEY WILL.” • emphasis on individual ability • regard for human dignity and worth • human potentiality • a new social ideal = l’uomouniversale

  4. ECONOMIC RECOVERY • Recovery of trade and manufacturing • Key centers of trade 1. Northern Italy 2. Hanseatic League/the Hansa -> dominated north European trade • Italy and Venice were vital commercial centers until the 16th century • Woolen industry in Florence • Italy -> silk, glassware, metal work, precious stones • New industries in the 15th century -> printing, mining, metallurgy

  5. THE MEDICI AND BANKING • Family made fortune in textiles -> expand into banking • In the 15th century they dominated European banking • Bank branches throughout Europe • Papal bankers • Medici banking empire collapses at the end of the 15th century LORENZO DE MEDICI

  6. SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE RENAISSANCE • Renaissance society was divided into 1. the 1st estate = clergy 2. the 2nd estate = nobility 3. the 3rd estate = peasants/townspeople

  7. THE NOBILITY • 2-3% of the pop • Dominated military and government positions • THE BOOK OF THE COURTIER – written by Castiglione 1528 • handbook for aristocrats • noble should combine natural gifts, rounded education, and good conduct • the goal of the perfect noble -> serve his prince

  8. PEASANTS AND TOWNSPEOPLE • Peasants = 85-90% of pop • Decline of the manorial system and decline of serfdom • Money economy replaces labor with rent • Townspeople • Patricians • burghers • Propertyless workers • unemployed

  9. SLAVERY IN THE RENAISSANCE • Slavery disappeared by the 11th cent. • Labor shortages of 14th -> reintroduction of slavery • Slaves came from the eastern Med, Black Sea, and Africa • By the 16th cent slavery had declined and was disappearing in W. Europe

  10. THE FAMILY IN RENAISSANCE ITALY • The family and family bond = security • Marriages = arranged, business deal, increase status and wealth, dowry • Father-husband = finances, total authority over children • Wife = managed the household, make babies • Childbirth – 10% mortality rate for mothers • Infant and children mortality -> high, have lots of babies

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