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Towards a N ation-wide F ibre F ootprint in R esearch and E ducation N etworking

Towards a N ation-wide F ibre F ootprint in R esearch and E ducation N etworking. Lada Altmannova Stanislav Sima Rhodes June 9th, 2004. Situation in REN design.

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Towards a N ation-wide F ibre F ootprint in R esearch and E ducation N etworking

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  1. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in Research and Education Networking Lada Altmannova Stanislav Sima Rhodes June 9th, 2004

  2. Situation in REN design • Network design is on the top of design levels hierarchy: ICs, cards/units, computers, networks, and is relatively new. WAN/MAN design is still less developed (mainly in consequence of previous long-term monopolies). • Traditional building elements (procured) are data transmission services, routers, terminals, etc. • Traditional network function is to provide best effort IP connectivity • New building elements: dark fibres, optical transmission equipment, switches • New network function: provide E2E circuits Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  3. Multi-vendor network design • Multi-vendor networking is necessary for feasibility in multiple domain • Multi-vendor networking is necessary in general case for cost effectiveness also in single domain • Standards, Multi-Source Agreements (MSA), interoperability, etc. gives you independence on one vendor (in design, reparation, upgrade, etc.) and allows you to buy best equipment in each category Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  4. Fibre is strategic asset • Fibre infrastructure has been recognised as strategic asset for research and education networking • In some countries, states or regions in Canada, Europe and USA since 2000 • In USA (national scale) since 2003 • in EU (union scale) since 2004 (GN2) • Customer Empowered Fibre(CEF) networks are emerging technology, that gradually changes network topology, architecture and services from bottom of hierarchy to top Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  5. Lengths of dark fibres in RENs • More than 20 000 km in Europe (plus some fibres for GN2 and GN2 testbed) • About 33 920 km in USA (including National LambdaRail) • About 6 700 km in Canada • NFF contracted in Australia …. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  6. CEF Networks and industry support • Government support of network research should prepare investment opportunity and should support national/federal/union industry development • Traditionally this means support of carriers and router vendors • For CEF Networks this means rathersupport of fibre cable vendors, companies laying fibre cables with maintenance, transmission equipment vendors etc. • Optronics vendors now are becoming aware of the non-carrier (enterprise, RENs) market for their gear • =CEF Networks brings new relation between network research and vendors Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  7. Economics decides • Dark fibres brings progress to REN design and subsequently to WAN design generally (and than in competition winner takes nearly all) • Strategic importance of getting fibres has been recognised • Comparison of temporary dark fibre and lambdas prices is usable for very partial view only and cannot solve problem in general. Economics decides, but not naïve economics. • Some reasons: uncertain number of lambdas, period of using, future upgrade of the transmission rate, topology changes, uncertain future economical conditions, unexpected new possibilities, … • Actual result: some managers build CEF Networks and others study the problem… Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  8. Why dark fibre for RENs ? • Freedom in REN design • Getting fibre means controlling the network • Independence on carriers and on router vendors • Fixed costs of long-term use • Transmission capacity up to Tbps • Cost-effective ways of fibre sharing (WDM, TDM, …) • Expensive dark fibres can be shared by non-profit partners • Multiple wavelengths possible (e.g. 1 – 256) • Multiple fibres in cable, multiple ducts in way… • Equipment selection, moving, design, ….. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  9. How to go from telco services to dark fibres • Procure dark fibre independently and before lambdas procurement • Prefer agreements on long term lease with discounts instead of IRU (disadvantages of IRU are prepayment, taxes and risk of bankruptcy) • Do not relay on one provider only, maintain concurrency (for price and for first mile acquiring) • If price is not excellent, use annual contracts and re-procurement • If dark fibre line is not offered but exists, use annual contract for lambda(s) and re-procure dark fibre Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  10. Dark fibre deployment in RENs • Increasing and world-wide deployment of dark fibre (acquisition of dark fibres instead of SDH or lambda services) – without moving back • Increasing number of customer premises connected by fibre: to achieve this is more difficult problem than intercity fibre acquisition • Lease of fibres: good prices are 0.4 Euro/m/pair/year for G.652 or 0.5 Euro/m/pair/year for G.655 , including maintenance • Building first mile 12 fibre lines: about 30 Euro/m in ground (6 month for delivery), and about 10 Euro/m in air (3 month for delivery) Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  11. CEF network architecture will be new • Prefer network architecture with NIL (singlespan) lines and without overlaying (concurrent) fibres • KIS rule for fibres: Keep It Short, including connections crossing state borders • Realization oflambdas by own equipment and fibres for long distance data transmission • Search actively for new fibre providers (railways, roads and highways, electric power, fuel, gas and heat distribution companies, cable TV companies, etc.) • Search actively for regional authorities and local boards cooperation on laying first mile fibre cables Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  12. Photonic Air Links (PAL) • Gigabit transmission rates are possible in free space • Customer Empowered Photonic (CEP) Networks are expected: fibre+PAL • PAL is used usually between buildings (fan-out of photonic transmission to end users in some area) • Transmission rate: from 10 Mbps up to 2.5 Gbps, distance 100 m – 4000 m, costs 1500 – 30 000 Euro • DIY solution of PAL 10 Mbps (for example for students to home – costs 150 Euro) • Microwave backup (probably up to 622 Mbps) of PAL (on L1 level) is possible – e. g. for foggy weather Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  13. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  14. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  15. Dark fibre lighting register: see before new line design Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  16. NFFin European NRENs • Switzerland • SWITCH: NFF operational, 1150 km, transmission system with own development (NIL on single fibre) • The Czech Republic • CESNET2: NFF operational, 2800 km, transmission system with own development (long distance NIL) • CzechLight: 445 km DF with experimental traffic • Poland • PIONIER: NFF 2648 km plus 1426 km own and leased fibresoperational, plus 2300 km in negotiation • 10GE DWDM transmission system operational Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  17. NFF in European NRENs II. • Ireland • HEAnet : 1300 km fibres available, operational part, support of optical networking abroad • The Netherlands • SURFnet6: 4000 km fibres available, operational part with DWDM transmission system, new approach on NREN architecture (central routers only) • Slovakia • SANET: NFF operational, 1660 km own and leased fibres, GE transmission system, partially CWDM 4 x GE • Serbia • RCUB: 115 km operational, contracted 1400 km with telco operator (with government support), GE transmission system, CWDM testing Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  18. NFF in European NRENs III. • Portugal • FCCN : Tender for 400 km dark fibre • Denmark • UNI-C : 525 km dark fiber for testing, 10 GE • Norway • using or sharing of nation-wide dark fibre available (by agreement with telco operator) • See reference to CEF Networks workshop for more details • Metropolitan dark fibre RENs in Netherlands, Poland, Czech Rep., Greece, Hungary, Ireland, ….. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  19. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  20. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  21. CheaperInternational Fibre Footprint (IFF) • KIS: Connect dark fibres used by NREN by a short cross-border fibre lines (called also Near over Border - NoB) • Use WDM equipment on national and cross-border fibres for implementation of international lambdas between end users • This KIS approach avoids some double payments of fibres or lambdas (parallel lines are paid by NREN and DANTE), in the biggest item of budgets • Such change of networking strategy is difficult, needs research and testbeds Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  22. KIS for cheaper architecture • Connection of NRENs by short dark fibre (Keep It Short) between NREN PoPs or Users Near over Border (NoB) • NoB dark fibres (lenght, status): • Bratislava (Slovakia)–Vienna (Austria): 104 km, operational • Bratislava (Slovakia)–Brno (Czech Rep.): 182 km, operational • Ostrava (Czech Rep.)-Bialsko-Biela (Poland): 136 km, available • Subotica (Serbia)-Szeged (Hungary): 40 km, available • Kista in Stockholm (Sweden)-Ventspils (Latvia): 405 km, experimental university connection, undersea part • Other lines are prepared Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  23. Examples (see GÉANT topology) • Short dark fibres Brno – Bratislava – Vienna and Ostrava –Bialsko-Biala gives possibility to realize lambdas Prague – Bratislava, Prague – Vienna, Poznan – Vienna, Prague – Poznan etc. • Lambda services London – Stockholm and Poznan – Stockholm could be realized by means of connections London – Brussels – Amsterdam – Copenhagen – Stockholm and Poznan - Copenhagen Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  24. PC Light • Design Kit for wide area fibre networks, based on racked PCs with build-in optical amplifier modules • Multi-vendor (multi-source) building elements • Preliminary comparison of OA (EDFA) costs: • OA from „ISP vendor“: 40 000 USD • OA from „optical vendor“: 18 000 USD • OA from „module vendor“: 2 500 USD (two OA in module) • OA from Integrated Circuit vendor: ??? (forthcoming) • OA costs are the biggest item in long distance transmission systems costs (e.g. 60%) => PC Light helps to radically change WAN/MAN costs Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  25. EDFA 2in1: PC Light equipment example • PC with build-in OA EDFA booster and preamp • Successfully used for NIL GE connection from Plzen to CzechLight in Prague by dark fibre pair (159.4 km, 36.7 dB) since May 2004 • One Side Amplification (OSA NIL approach): this equipment is placed in Prague only. No OA equipment is placed in Plzen, so we expect lower service costs and higher availability (we have 24/7 staff in Prague only) • Advantages: low cost, low size (1U), low power consumption, Linux, SNMP, reach up to 225 km, possibility of development, …. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  26. Alarm LEDs Low NF preamplifier PA IN PA OUT BO IN BO OUT Flash disc* Booster +5V DC IDE RS 232 Power Supply MicroATX MainBoard with fanless CPU FE USB * Network boot is also possible RS232C EDFA 2in1: EDFA Module in Standard 1U PC with Linux Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  27. PC Light forthcoming • EDFA 2in1 works on 10 GE (tested in laboratory) • GE interface card on 1550 nm • GE interface card for bidirectional transmission on single fibre • etc. Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  28. Lighting of dark fibre: NIL approach • Production lines G.652, 1550 nm, EDFA • 189 km Praha – Pardubice GE since May 2002 • 235 km Brno – Ostrava GE since June 2003 • Experimental lines G.652, 1550 nm, EDFA • 235 km Brno – Ostrava OC-48 June 2003 • 286 km Praha – Brno GE May 2004 (+Raman) • More wavelengths possible Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  29. NIL tests in laboratory • G.652 fibre spools, EDFA + Raman: • 325 km GE • 250 km OC-48 • 252 km 2x 10 GE • 290 km 10 G DWDM • G.655 fibre spools (recently delivered): • testing • lower cost of dispersion compensation on 10 Gbps Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  30. Prepared CzechLight PoP in Brno • Fibre Praha - Brno 298.3 km, including 257.3 km of G.655 fibre. • DWDM 10 Gbps cards for Cisco 15454 • NIL transmission, if possible • June – July 2004 Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  31. Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF) • Environment for co-operation: networking, infrastructure, network engineering, system integration, middleware, applications • GLIF was established by invited participants at the 3rd Global Lambda Grid Workshop, held August 27, 2003 in Reykjavik, Island, www.glif.is • Dark fibres are often used for Gigabit or 10 Gigabit access to cities and university premises Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  32. CzechLight May 2004 Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  33. Prepared CzechLight connections Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  34. References • Presentations from CEF Networks Workshop, Prague, May 2004 http://www.ces.net/project/optsit/CEFNetworks/ • Dark fibre Sweden-Latvia www.balticopen.net Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  35. Example from BalticOpen Stockholm Ut ö Ventspils Nafta F å r ö sund Ventspils Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

  36. Acknowledgement • Jan Gruntorad for support and GLIF entry • Miroslav Karasek and Jan Radil for lighting of CESNET2 and CzechLight fibres • Josef Vojtech for EDFA 2in1 development • Comment: presented ideas and opinions are result of our ongoing R&D activities and are opened to improvement Towards a Nation-wide Fibre Footprint in RENs

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