Prepared by:- Guided by :- Mr. Suresh Tank Prof. Nitin Adroja

1. Presentation onDissertation Phase-1Non-isolated Bi-directional DC-DC Converters for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charge Station Application Prepared by:- Guided by :- Mr. Suresh Tank Prof. NitinAdroja Enrollment No.130030745007Dept. of. Elect. Engg. ME Electrical (Semester-III) AITS Rajkot AITS RajkotSUBMITTED TO: GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

2. Flow of presentation • INTRODUCTION • LITERATURE REVIEW • MOTIVATION • PROBLEM DEFINITION • PRINCIPLE • PROPOSED SOLUTION • ADVANTAGES • CONCLUSION • FUTURE WORK • REFERENCES

3. Introduction • Nowadays about 62% of crude oil is used. • Energy security and green house gas emission problems. • Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV’s) is one of the solutions. [1] • There is a growing interest on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV’s), which is defined by IEEE-USA’s energy policy committee as [2] • A battery storage system of 4kwh or more, used to power the motion of the vehicle, • A means of recharging that battery system from an external source of electricity, • An ability to drive at least 10 miles in all-electric mode consuming no gasoline.

4. Intro…. • Power electronic dc to dc converters used to charge the battery in plug-in hybrid and electric automotive applications. • The low electricity fuel cost. • Battery capacity and all-electric range of PHEV’s are improved. [3,4] • High power off-board charging infrastructures.

5. Literature review Paper - I Yu Du, XiaohuZhou,Sanzhong Bai, ‘‘Review of non-isolated bi-directional dc-dc converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charge station application at municipal parking decks’’ IEEE 2010. • There is a growing interest on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV’s) due to energy security and green house gas emission issues, as well as the low electricity fuel cost. So battery capacity and all-electric range of PHEV’s are improved. • Several low cost non-isolated bi-directional DC-DC converters suited for municipal parking deck charge station applications. • Half bridge converter is better than Cuk and SEPIC/Luo converter in this scenario due to smaller number of passive components, lower switch current stress and higher efficiency. • It is difficult to maintain high efficiency in wide battery pack voltage range. A variable frequency pulse width modulation (VFPWM) scheme is proposed to mitigate this issue. • Finally three-level bi-directional DC-DC converter is suggested to be employed in this application.

6. Paper – 2Sangtaek Han and Deepak Divan, ”Bi-directional dc/dc converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) applications” IEEE 2008. • Power electronic DC to DC converters in plug-in hybrid and electric automotive applications demand high power bidirectional power flow capability, with wide input voltage range. • Output voltage of energy storage devices like ultra capacitor or battery varies with the change in load. • The converter needs to provide a successful voltage regulation on the load side for a wide range of input voltage. • An isolated half bridge based converter is proposed in this project, with bidirectional power flow and minimum peak current for wide input voltage range through duty cycle, and phase shift control. • The proposed converter has competitive total device rating with the conventional isolated bidirectional power converters. • A modified dual active bridge DC/DC converter is proposed for PHEV application, which has minimum device stresses for 2:1 range of source voltage operation. • The topology is suitable for high power applications.

7. Paper - 3Shigenori Inoue, Hirofumi Akagi, “A bi-directional dc/dc converter for an energy storage system’’ IEEE 2009. • To improve the energy quality, most of the renewable energy systems include an energy storage element charged by the bidirectional DC-DC converter. • This paper proposes the novel class E buck/ boost resonant bidirectional DC-DC converter for renewable energy system. • Among important features of the presented converter topology is, low size, low weight and high dynamics because of the transistors ZVS switching process with high frequency. • The converters employed in the system are current sourced. Therefore, the connection parasitic inductances are of no importance and system is environmentally friendly.

8. Paper-4R M. Schupbachj., C. Balda, “Comparing Dc-Dc ConvertersForPowerManagement In HybridElectricVehicles” IEEE 2003. • The design of DC-DC converters for power electronic interfaces in power management systems for Hybrid Electric Vehicle (EEV) is a very challenging task. • This paper presents an analysis, design, and comparison study of several bi-directional non-isolated DC-DC converter topologies that could be considered potential candidates for the power electronic interface of HEV energy power sources, in particular an ultra capacitor pack. • The considered topologies are the half bridge, Cuk, SEPIC, and Luo converters. Particular attention is paid to the stresses of the active and passive components due to the wide input voltage requirements typical of this load-leveling or power-management application. • The main advantages of the half-bridge converter over the Cuk and combined SEPIC/Luo converters are the following: • It requires only one inductor instead two; • The inductor size is only half the sue; • It has higher efficiencies than the Cuk and combined SEPIC/Luo converters since it has lower inductor conduction and lower switching and conduction losses on the active components.

9. Paper-5TaewonKang, ChangwooKim, YongsugSuh, “A DesignandControlofBi-directionalNon-isolatedDC-DCConverterforRapidElectricVehicleChargingSystem” IEEE 2012. • This paper presents a simple and cost-effective stand-alone rapid battery charging system of 30kW for electric vehicles. • The proposed system mainly consists of active front-end rectifier of neutral point clamped 3-level type and non-isolated bi-directional dc-dc converter of multiphase interleaved half-bridge topology. • The complete charging sequence is made up of three sub-interval operating modes; pre-charge mode, constant-current mode, and constant-voltage mode. The pré charge mode employs the stair-case shaped current profile to accomplish shorter charging time while maintaining the reliable operation of the battery. • The proposed system is able to reach the full-charge state within less than 16min for the battery capacity of 8kWh by supplying the charging current of 78A. The optimal discharging algorithm for Vehicle to the Grid (V2G) operation has been adopted to maintain the discharging current of 1C. • The proposed solution has superior module-friendly mechanical structure which is absolutely required to realize flexible power expansion capability in a very high-current rapid charging system.

10. Paper - 6GregStahl, MiguelRodriguez, AndDraganMaksimovic, “ A High-efficiencyBidirectionalBuck-boost Dc-dc Converter” IEEE 2012. • This paper presents efficiency optimization and implementation of a bidirectional DC-DC converter based on the four-switch, non-inverting buck-boost configuration. • The converter is intended for DC power systems to interface different sources or loads to a common DC bus, operating over a wide range of voltages. • The design parameters considered include the number of converters operating in parallel, the selection of power MOSFETs, core size and core material, inductance, the number of turns on the inductor, and the switching frequency. • Experimental results show that the optimization process results in converter parameters close to optimal. Using the presented design technique, an experimental 500 W bidirectional DC-DC converter prototype is constructed having a measured efficiency up to 97%.

11. MOTIVATION • Most PHEV’s use single-phase on-board charger to refuel their batteries. Due to which the energy density and power density of battery packs are improved. Battery capacity improved for more all-electric range and less gasoline consumption is possible for future PHEV’s or EV’s. • Charge station infrastructure is to use a DC link to interface with distributed renewable power generations, which can be considered as a microgrid. • Fast charging is possible a PHEV/EV battery pack. [5]

12. BLOCK DIAGRAM

13. POWER CIRCUIT

14. Half-bridge converter which operates either in buck or in boost mode. [4,6] • Maintain high efficiency in wide battery pack voltage range.[7,8] • Cuk and Sepic/luo can convert power bi-directionally by using two active switches.

15. WHY HALF- BRIDGE CONVERTER Figure:- Comparison of Inductor RMS Current in Half Bridge, Cuk and SEPIC/Luo Converters.[1]

16. Advantages • Half bridge converter is better than cuk and sepic/luo converter in this scenario due to • Smaller number of passive components. • Lower switch current stress. • Higher efficiency.

17. Design specification

18. Matlab simulation open loop model

19. Bi-directional dc-dc converter simulation

20. BOOST OPERATION

21. BOOST OPERATION

22. BUCK OPERATION

23. BUCK OPERATION

24. Conclusion • Several low cost non-isolated bi-directional DC-DC converters suited for Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charge station applications have been reviewed and compared. Half bridge converter is better than Cuk and SEPIC/Luo converter because of smaller number of passive components, lower switch current stress and higher efficiency. • This open loop simulation for bidirectional DC-DC Converter is completed. Half-bridge converter operates in both modes boost mode as well as buck mode.

25. Future work • Study of different control technique of bidirectional DC-DC Converters. • Closed loop control of bidirectional DC-DC Converter. • Comparison between open loop and closed loop configuration.

26. References • Yu Du, XiaohuZhou,Sanzhong Bai, ‘‘Review of non-isolated bi-directional dc-dc converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charge station application at municipal parking decks’’ IEEE 2010 • Sangtaek Han and Deepak Divan, ”Bi-directional dc/dc converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) applications” IEEE 2008 • Shigenori Inoue, Hirofumi Akagi, “A bi-directional dc/dc converter for an energy storage system’’ IEEE 2009 • R M. schupbachj., C. balda, “Comparing DC-DC Converters for Power Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles” IEEE 2003 • Taewon Kang, Changwoo Kim, YongsugSuh, “A Design and Control of Bi-directional Non-isolated DC-DC Converter for Rapid Electric Vehicle Charging System” IEEE 2012 • Greg Stahl, Miguel Rodriguez, and DraganMaksimovic, “ A High-Efficiency Bidirectional Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter” IEEE 2012

27. Lisheng Shi, Andrew Meintz, and MehdiFerdowsi, “Single-phase bidirectional ac-dc converters for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle applications”, IEEE September 3-5, 2008, Harbin, China • G Lisheng Shi, Andrew Meintz, and MehdiFerdowsi, “Energy and economic evaluation of PHEVs and their interaction with renewable energy sources and the power grid”, Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE September 22-24, 2008 • Yusuf Gurkaynak and AlirezaKhaligh , “control and power management of a grid connected residential photovoltaic system with plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) load”, 2009 IEEE • Preetika Kulshrestha1, Lei Wang2, Mo-Yuen Chow3, “intelligent energy management system simulator for PHEVs at municipal parking deck in a smart grid environment”, 2009 IEEE.

28. THANK YOU