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Chapter 18 : Classification

Section 18-1: Finding Order in Diversity. Chapter 18 : Classification. Need to describe and name each species to understand and study diversity Use scientific names to ensure talking abut the same animal Common names translate, vary

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Chapter 18 : Classification

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  1. Section 18-1: Finding Order in Diversity Chapter 18: Classification

  2. Need to describe and name each species to understand and study diversity • Use scientific names to ensure talking abut the same animal • Common names translate, vary • Ex. Felis concolor commonly known as cougar, puma, panther, mountain lion Assigning Scientific names

  3. 18th century Europeans used Latin or Greek names to describe species based on traits Did not work – not standardized 1730s: Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus developed a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature Scientific name usually Latin, written in italics First word capitalized, second lowercase Assigning Scientific names

  4. Polar bear is Ursus maritimus. First part of the name is the genus, which is a group of similar species Second part of unique to each species and is often a description of the organism’s habitat or of an important trait Binomial Nomenclature

  5. Biologists try to organize/classify living and fossil species into larger groups that have biological meaning Groups called taxa (singular: taxon) The science of naming and grouping organisms is called systematics Classifying Species into Larger Groups

  6. Hierarchy Organisms grouped by anatomical similarities and differences Linnaeus had four levels, which expanded to seven taxa Linnaean classification system

  7. Species, • Genus, • Family, • Order, • Class, • Phylum, • Kingdom Seven Taxa

  8. Members of a species determine which organisms belong to that species Ranks above species are determined by researchers who decide Linnaeus grouped organisms into larger taxa according to overall similarities and differences Problems with traditional classification

  9. Example: adult barnacles and limpets live attached to rocks, have similar-looking shells Adult crabs don’t look anything like them, and would probably be in a different group Wrong! Modern classification schemes look beyond overall similarities and differences and group organisms based on evolutionary relationships Problems with Traditional Classification

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